Статьи

A computer vision based real-time object detection on low-power devices is economically attractive, yet a technically challenging task. The paper presents results of benchmarks on popular deep neural network models, which are often used for this task. The results of experiments provide insights into trade-offs between accuracy, speed, and computational efficiency of MobileNetV2 SSD, CenterNet MobileNetV2 FPN, EfficientDet, YoloV5, YoloV7, YoloV7 Tiny and YoloV8 neural network models on Raspberry Pi 4B, Raspberry Pi 3B and NVIDIA Jetson Nano with TensorFlow Lite. We fine-tuned the models on our custom dataset prior to benchmarking and used post-training quantization (PTQ) and quantization-aware training (QAT) to optimize the models’ size and speed. The experiments demonstrated that an appropriate algorithm selection depends on task requirements. We recommend EfficientDet Lite 512×512 quantized or YoloV7 Tiny for tasks that require around 2 FPS, EfficientDet Lite 320×320 quantized or SSD Mobilenet V2 320×320 for tasks with over 10 FPS, and EfficientDet Lite 320×320 or YoloV5 320×320 with QAT for tasks with intermediate FPS requirements.

This paper proposes a version of the brain mechanism for emergence and formation of perceptual and mental images. The initial event of perceptual image emergence is the result of interaction on thalamic relay neurons between chaotic sensory impulse flow and also impulse flow organized in trains and coming from reticular structures. The subsequent step is the formation of a metastable dynamic association of excited allocortex columns. The role played by the functional association of allocortex columns and the intrafusal muscular reception in the activation of distributed brain systems and in the formation of a perceptual image is considered. This image is seen as a meta-stable state of synergistic processes in neuromuscular structures. The rationale for the imperceivableness of a perceptual image is given. It is assumed that a mental image is based on the perceived effects of Newtonian forces caused by muscle contractions. Properties of perceptual and mental images, their difference and conjugacy, and also the role of a mental image in interaction with conscious images are discussed.

The paper deals with the philosophical and methodological aspects of the geosystems, or geographical systems, doctrine evolution. Attention is drawn to undesirable tendencies in this evolution, manifested in giving some aspects of the doctrine the appearance of fundamental principles. It shows general scientific dialectic base of the classical variant of the geosystem doctrine as it was developed by its founder academician V. B. Sochava. It emphasizes the inconsistency of particular principles of the doctrine on geosystems as a metascientific paradigm developed later and being developed at present, the relative fundamentality and viability of the classical and widely interpreted, “imperfect” concepts, allowing to operate them in a wide range of aspects of geographical (and not only) knowledge, in particular, using the example of the geosystem doctrine.

The COVID-19 virus has claimed thousands of lives and created a global economic and social crisis.
The aim of the paper is to draw attention to the control of virus-human interactions. The following objectives are formulated. 1. To suppress (minimise) the virus activity in a human body. 2. To prevent (minimise) viral spreading while maximising economic growth. 3. Use of consciousness (dynamic stereotypes) to build protective skills against viruses, to enhance immunity and to use viruses for human benefit. 4. Statement of the problem on coexistence of a virus (biosphere) and a human. Analysis of these tasks made it possible to formulate possible solutions and to discuss implementation mechanisms: acquired and inborn skill bases, self-learning and self-organization methods and practice of conscious stereotype creation. Some of these possibilities are discussed in this paper.
The authors have developed and successfully use individual therapy based on self-regulation and the central organisation of autonomic functions. They have investigated the formation of stereotypes and dominants in animal experiments and in clinical treatment.
The main conclusion is that today the dominant focus of people’s consciousness is on the social problems of society. The inner sphere has virtually no place in people’s consciousness. It is necessary to reorient the dominant of our consciousness towards solving the problems of the internal sphere of human body in order to keep the balance. In particular, this concerns human interaction with COVID-19.

The structure of a virus and its interaction with cells is considered from the standpoint of systems theory for the first time. The substantiation of attributing the virus to a complex system and a living organism is given. The natural process of interaction between complex systems that are higher in the hierarchy than a virus is carried out through the exchange of information embedded in their code. The general mechanism of interaction between living complex systems is predicted by exchanging the systems that are on a lower hierarchy level. The regularity of changes not only in organisms and cells, but also in viruses during their interactions and mutations is substantiated on the basis of the laws of systems theory.