Научный архив: статьи

Рассмотрена проблема повышения эффективности генетических алгоритмов оптимизации за счет применения методов самонастройки, которые изменяют параметры и поведение алгоритма в процессе поиска решения. Приведен обзор актуальных и наиболее эффективных методов самонастройки и адаптации, в рамках которого выделены их преимущества и недостатки. Предложен новый алгоритм, позволяющий объединить лучшие стороны отдельных методов. Он представляет собой расширенную версию SHAGA с усовершенствованной процедурой скрещивания, которая позволяет адаптировать его интенсивность, применять селективное давление на данном этапе и использовать многородительское скрещивание. Предложены различные варианты оператора скрещивания и метод самоконфигурирования генетических операторов на основе SelfCEA, который динамически корректирует вероятности их применения в зависимости от успешности. Предложенный алгоритм протестирован с применением статистических критериев для проверки значимости различий результатов и сравнения с другими подходами в задачах оптимизации с вещественными и булевыми переменными. В результате тестирования новый генетический алгоритм продемонстрировал более высокую эффективность и значительное улучшение надежности в большинстве тестовых задач

The goal is to model the behavior of primitive organisms and transfer the results to human life. A human choice process has been implemented, based on an ant algorithm that simulates the procedure for laying out an optimal, shorts route

Blockchain in Russia is the key end-to-end digital technology, based on which the digital ruble is launched as fiduciary digital national money. Purpose: to explore the role of blockchain, quantum technologies and computers in building up cyber immunity in Russia. Results: the peculiarity of using blockchain in Russian financial sector is the creation of the fiat digital ruble, rather than cryptocurrencies. Conclusions: the original hypothesis of ensuring blockchain ecosystems and platforms cybersecurity, in response to increasing cybercrime, in view of Russian financial sector cyber immunity development, is proposed; Russia, like other countries, hasn’t developed cyber immunity – “Quantum inoculation” is required

In this paper, we analyse the strategic order of athletes in sports relays. It is generally believed that the strongest athlete should perform the last. In sports, ‘choking under pressure’ is a major phenomenon that manifests in athletes’ performance decrement when faced the stressful conditions. We focus on the pressure the athletes experience when their team is lagging behind the competitor in accuracy-based relays. In theoretical models, we found that choking under pressure has an impact on strategic decisions on team formation when teams consist of players with differentiated skills. Without ‘choking under pressure’, teams are indifferent to athletes’ order. If all athletes experience the same magnitude of performance decrements, the strictly dominant strategy is: a stronger athlete starts and a weaker athlete fi nishes the race. For the case of differentiated performance decrements, we fi nd the optimal strategy as a function of those decrements. The conventional wisdom strategy “Weaker to start, stronger to fi nish” is strictly dominant only when the resilience of a strong player is high enough and the performance decrement is much lower than a weak player’s

Research objectives: An analysis of official documents and notes of foreign contemporaries to clarify some aspects of political and legal life of the Chaghadai Ulus and early Timurid state in the 13th- beginning of 15th centuries. Materials and methods of research: The basic materials are official documents (diplomatic correspondence), travelers’ reports and notes, diaries and memoirs of travelers from different countries of Europe and Asia who visited the Chaghadai Ulus with different missions in the analyzed period as well as some official documents (diplomatic correspondence) between foreign and Mongol rulers. The methods of research are formal and historical legal research of historical documents, comparative legal analysis as well as historical approach in general. Scientific novelty: The state structure and legal relations in the Chaghadai Ulus and early Timurid state still have not been objects of special research. The author proposes to use works of foreign contemporaries as a tool to clarify some questions of political and legal life in the Chaghadaid state, finding similarities with other Chinggisid states and specific features of the region, its traditions, etc. Results of the research: The information of the analyzed historical documents, naturally, doesn’t allow one to reconstruct all aspects of political structure of Chaghadai Ulus and early Timurid state and their legal system in general, but adds valuable details to the information of other sources on history of this state - that is, historical chronicles (mainly of Timurid age) and legal monuments (khans’ yarliks and other official documents of the ulus). At that, we cannot ignore the fact that the Chaghadai Ulus before Timur was not considered as a full and authoritative member of international relations which is why contemporaries paid more attention to other Chinggisid states: The Golden Horde, Ilkhanate, Yuan Empire. However, the analysis of contemporaries’ notes could stimulate scholars to study some specific aspects of the Chaghadai Ulus’ history which were not researched before.

Research objectives: To explore the relations between the Shirvanshah dynasty and the Golden Horde during the decline of the Ilkhanate and the Timurid period. Research materials: The article’s author examined various primary Arabic and Persian sources, and secondary pieces of literature related to the history of the Shirvanshah dynasty and Golden Horde written during the Mongol and Timurid periods. Owing to the lack of comprehensive information in these sources, some numismatic materials were also utilized. Results and novelty of the research: According to some primary sources, the ruler of Shirvan submitted to the vassalage of the Ilkhanate dynasty, which was created by Chinggis Khan’s grandson Hulegu Khan during his occupation of Azerbaijan. However, the territory of Shirvan became the subject of contention between two Mongol ulus, the Ilkhanate and the Jochids, due to its status as the territory of Chinggis Khan and its historical role as a battlefield between the two Mongol ulus. During the decline of the Ilkhanate, the rulers of Shirvanshah and some local powers, such as the clergy and aristocrats, who had become more active in assisting the Jochids in their efforts to gain control of Azerbaijan, subsequently pursued a policy of re-establishing their independence. Following its appearance on the Timurid stage, Shirvan was once again transformed into a theater of war between Timur and his rival Toqtamish. The objective of this conflict was to secure control of the strategic caravan - trade routes in the Caucasus. During this period, Shirvan was briefly under the rule of the Golden Horde. Nevertheless, Sheikh Ibrahim Darbandi, the ruler of Shirvan, pursued a policy of maintaining equilibrium between these two powers during the initial stages. Ultimately, he chose to ally with Timur, who was in a stronger position of real power, and entered an alliance with him. This paper offers an attempt to investigate the relations of the Shirvanshahs with the Golden Horde during the fall of the Ilkhanate and Timurids as well as some less-researched aspects of these relations.

This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the global market of computer vision systems as a critical infrastructure of Industry 4.0. The market transformation from a highly specialized tool to the strategic driver of the digital economy is considered. The post-pandemic dynamics, the regional structure with the allocation of technology leadership centers (APR, North America, Europe) and a competitive landscape of key manufacturers were analyzed in detail. Special attention is paid to the foreseeable strategic indicators until 2035, where the determining factors of growth are the convergence of artificial intelligence, 3D-vision, edge computing and sustainable growth requirements. The conclusion is made about the computer vision system transition to the category of the fundamental basis of industrial competitiveness and global autonomy of systems.

From the perspective of a systemic approach, the evolution of China’s (PRC) state policy in the field of «innovative materials» (IM) production is examined. The strategies for a technological breakthrough and achieving technological sovereignty are reviewed in chronological sequence. The conclusion is drawn on the possibility and necessity of aligning the strategies of the two countries to foster Russia’s (RF) technological sovereignty. The imposition of sanctions on both Russia and China curtails the opportunities for IM production: logistical links are disrupted, the ability to procure components and finished products from technologically more advanced countries is impaired, and market access is restricted. Consequently, there is a growing need for research and development cooperation between China and Russia.

В статье рассмотрены понятие, сущность, принципы и компонентный состав STEM-образования, а также возможности его внедрения в образовательный процесс вузов ФСИН России; обобщено и дополнено представление о сущности STEM-образования как направления в педагогике, использующего знания в области науки, технологии, инженерии и математики, способствующего формированию компетенций XXI в. Определено содержание STEM-образования, направленное на интеграцию вышеназванных дисциплин, каждая из которых способна сформировать определенные компетенции. Установлена взаимосвязь STEM-элементов, разработан алгоритм реализации STEM-образования, который позволит его использовать во время аудиторных занятий. Определено, что внедрение STEM-образования будет способствовать повышению уровня подготовки обучающихся и качественному формированию у них необходимых компетенций за счет правильного использования компонентов, составляющих структуру рассматриваемого вида образования

Представлены этапы разработки монолитных интегральных схем отражающего и поглощающего типа SPDT-переключателей, работающих в широкой полосе частот от 10 МГц до 67 ГГц, изготовленных на технологии 0,1 мкм GaAs-pHEMT. Описаны схемы переключателей, процесс моделирования и экспериментальное исследование микросхем. Представлено сравнение полученных параметров с текущим уровнем техники на различных технологиях. Предложен способ увеличения развязки переключателей с показателем более 32 дБ и с обеспечением значения вносимых потерь в открытом канале менее 3,4 дБ в диапазоне частот: 0,01-67 ГГц.

В фильме «Таинственная стена» (1967) представлен контакт между инопланетной цивилизацией и землянами. Герои фильма пытаются взаимодействовать со «стеной» с помощью простых символов универсального языка, который, как им кажется, должен быть понятен всем разумным существам. Однако инопланетяне общаются с землянами через сновидения. В статье представлена антропологическая перспектива контакта иной степени с инопланетной цивилизацией. Вслед за Эдуардо Коном предлагается рассматривать сновидение как sui generis средство коммуникации между земными и внеземными акторами

The production of illuminated manuscripts in the royal library of Iran’s workshops began with comprehensive planning of the entire structure by the workshop head. This planning aimed to coordinate among calligraphers, painters, and illuminators to organize the manuscript and determine the illustrations’ placement and their integration with the main text. Beyond surviving works and general knowledge about art workshop organization in various dynasties’ Royal Libraries, limited information exists about this process and its implementation. This study employs Quantitative Codicology to analyze relationships between chapters, sections, couplets, and miniature positions to reveal the internal structure of The Shahnameh of Shah Tahmasp (Shahnameh Shahi), Iran’s national epic and a masterpiece of the royal Library of Safavid dynasty (Safavid Ketabkhaneh), during 16th century. The findings reveal the manuscript’s initial structural concept, designed by chief supervisor Sultan Muhammad, and the transformations that occurred when two subsequent supervisors took charge during its extended production period. His original rhythmic arrangement, which aimed to maintain miniature folios within specific couplet intervals, evolved into event-oriented and uniform distribution patterns under Mir Musavvir and Aqa Mirak’s respective supervision. These changes are examined through hypotheses considering both internal and external variables that can reveal the reasons behind the manuscript’s organization and its changes