Научный архив: статьи

III Международная конференция1 была организована по гранту РГНФ No16-01-14003 «Организация и проведение международной конференции «История и культура уйгуров» (рук. проекта Д. Д. Васильев) при участии Института европейских, российских и евразийских исследований, Школы международных отношений им. Ллойда Эллиотта – подразделения Универ ситета Джорджа Вашингтона

Организацией, подготовкой и проведением конференции традиционно занимался отдел истории Востока (рук. Д. Д. Васильев) Института востоковедения РАН. На церемонии открытия конференции с приветствиями выступили научный руководитель ИВ РАН академик РАН, доктор исторических наук В. В. Наумкин, заместитель директора по науке ИВ РАН кандидат исторических наук Н. Г. Романова, заместитель председателя оргкомитета конференции доктор исторических наук В. В. Беляков

We show that the inverse scattering transform technique can be applied to obtain the time dependence of scattering data of the Zakharov — Shabat system, which is described by the loaded nonlinear Schr ̈odinger equation in the class of fast decaying functions. In addition we prove that the Cauchy problem for the loaded nonlinear Schr ̈odinger equation is uniquely solvable in the class of rapidly decreasing functions. We provide the explicit expression of a single soliton solution for the loaded nonlinear Schr ̈odinger equation. As an example, we find the soliton solution of the considered problem for an arbitrary non–zero continuous function

В настоящей работе представлены результаты исследования фотоэлектрических свойств механически напряженных InGaAs/AlGaAs гетероструктур с квантовыми ямами различной конструкции, выращенных методом молекулярно-лучевой эпитаксии на GaAs подложке и предназначенных для средневолновых инфракрасных широкоформатных фотоприемных матриц, работающих в спектральном диапазоне 3÷5 мкм. Показано, что изменение состава барьерных слоев приводит к существенному сдвигу спектров фоточувствительности таких гетероструктур.

In recent years, the world scientific community has been trying to combine their efforts to coordinate scientific research in the direction of complex system study. Thus, already in the 1980s, a special scientific discipline called complexity theory emerged. The science about complex nonlinear processes (Nonlinear Science, Science of complexity, Science of Chaos) is now only in the initial stage of rapid growth, as evidenced by the rapid development of this industry in the United States. The problems of complex nonlinear systems are studied at all major universities in Europe and America. This work is devoted to the analysis of various approaches to the study of complex system problem from modern positions. The issues of the systemic world development are covered briefly. They described the foundations of the modern understanding of global Evolutionism.

This article argues that Greek σφαδᾴζω ‘struggle, toss one’s body about’ is etymologically related to Proto-Iranian *zgad- ‘to ride, gallop’ and *zganda- ‘messenger’, the source of loanwords σαγγάνδης and ἀσγάνδης in Greek. Iranian nominal stems *zgandá- ‘rider, mounted messenger’ and *zgánda- ‘riding’ (reflected in Sogdian non-finite forms) suggest the reconstruction of a Proto-Iranian root *zgand-, the zero-grade form of which is found in tudáti-type verbal stem *zgadá-ti ‘rides, gallops’ (*zgad- < *zgn̥d-). The correspondence between Greek σφ- and Iranian *zg- is unproblematic, since these are regular reflexes of PIE *sg wh - in both languages, compare Younger Avestan zgərəsna- ‘round, circular’ vis-à-vis Greek σφαῖρα ‘sphere, ball, globe’. Importantly, in its earliest attestations Greek σφαδᾴζω is used to refer to horses that are prancing, struggling, and moving violently: the application of the verb to human agony is demonstrably secondary. The Greek verb is best analyzed as a denominative *σφαδαι-ιζω derived from an unattested adjective *σφάδαιος, itself made from a nominal stem *σφάδη or *σφαδή, cf. ματᾴζω ‘speak foolishly’ ← μάταιος ‘foolish’ ← μάτη ‘foolishness’; the underlying unattested noun, whether *σφάδη ‘kicking, tossing’ or *σφαδή ‘kick, toss’, is based on a thematic verbal stem *σφαδε/ο- ‘to kick, toss, move swiftly (of horses)’ identical in origin with Proto-Iranian *zgadá- ti. On the basis of these forms, a new PIE root *sg whend- / *sgwhn̥d- ‘to move quickly (of horses)’ can be reconstructed

The article addresses the pragmatic and sociolinguistic constraints of interrupting in Roman comedy. It starts with a redefinition of the phenomenon informed by the methods of Conversation Analysis (CA): apart from syntactically incomplete utterances (as a result of interruptions by others), the analysis also includes the cases of interruptions reported by the characters. Furthermore, a distinction is made between intrusive (disaligning) interventions and other forms of competitive turn encroachments. The term ‘interruptions’, however, has been reserved only for the former, antagonistic type which serves to express disagreement and disinterest or to usurp the speaking turn. Using the revised criteria, the article proceeds to comment on quantitative data extracted from all the extant plays by Plautus and Terence. Accordingly, interruptions are viewed in relation to gender, age and status of the speakers, whereas some more detailed analysis concerns male and female citizens, prostitutes and servants. After comparing every character’s share of talk with their proportional use of turn incursions (both collaborative and disruptive), it is argued that the violation of the turn-exchange system is significantly associated with some interlocutors and less so with others. The last section presents interrupting as a pragmatic means of exerting power in interaction while discussing the phenomenon also from a (sociolinguistic) cross-gender perspective

In this paper, I demonstrate that the early Stoics adhered to a normative theory that may be called intentionalist: the moral significance of any action is not determined by its material content, but by the virtuous or vicious disposition of the agent’s soul and the intentions arising from this disposition. Since according to Stoics all people are divided into virtuous sages and vicious non-sages, all the actions of the former are morally right (κατορθώματα), whereas those of the latter are morally wrong (ἁμαρτήματα), even if they are materially identical. On the other hand, some statements in the Stoic fragments can rather be characterized as deontological: in this case, certain materially defined types of action (stealing, lying, adultery, etc.) seem to be presented as morally wrong in themselves. The paper’s central thesis is that such statements do not contradict the basic Stoic intentionalism but can be interpreted as consistent with it. Such an interpretation becomes possible under two conditions: firstly, if one takes into account how exactly the notions of κατόρθωμα and ἁμάρτημα relate to the Stoic notions of appropriate and inappropriate action (καθῆκον and παρὰ τὸ καθῆκον), and, secondly, if one examines the Stoic position on the moral status of lying, which is very revealing in this respect

The most common word accepted in Mithraic historiography to refer to places of worship is “Mithraeum”. The historical sources, however, offer us a multitude of terms that diverge from this expression which could be evoking different realities and could be referring to other kind of cultic spaces. In this paper, we have collected all the mentions supported in the epigraphy and literary sources, to have a complete vision of all these terms. With these testimonies, we have revised the previous interpretations related to the use of these different names. The variety of them has little to do with location or period. Still, we propose that this terminological variation is related to the consideration that ancient Mithra’s followers had with the moment when they erected the cultic space. It is possible to connect the choice of the word “spelaeum” or “templum” with the first idea they had of what must be an “original Mithraic cave” if we consider the meaning of the verbs used by the dedicators in their inscriptions. The validity of this interpretation will allow for a better understanding of the symbolic universe in which the followers of Mithra moved, instead of the common acceptance of the modern word “mithraeum”

The main objective of this study is to examine the influence of the transport system on CO2 emission levels. To achieve this goal, first, identify existing interrelationships between transport performance indicators and CO2 emissions was established, and the direction and degree of impact of significant performance indicators of the transport system on emissions were assessed. Next, based on analysis and synthesis of the literature - both domestic and foreign - factors that have the greatest influence on the level of CO2 emissions were identified and systematized. Assuming that there are causal relationships between the amount of CO2 emissions and the performance of the transport system, three hypotheses were put forward. To test the hypotheses, two models - end-to-end regression and regressions with effects - were considered to characterize the dependence of CO2 emissions on transport system performance. Model testing was conducted to choose the best model for analysis. It was found that the fixed-effects regression model is preferable to the random-effects and end-to-end regression models with regard to identifying and assessing the transport system indicators that can be managed to improve environmental conditions in various regions of the Russian Federation.

В данной научной работе анализируется функционирование IT-терминологии и кибернеологизмов персидского языка на современном этапе развития персидского языка, и дана попытка их классификации. Актуальность темы употребления неологизмов в сфере информационных технологий заключается в том, что в эпоху глобализации средства информации постоянно обеспечивают пополнение любого языка новыми лексическими единицами, которые проходят через освоение языком и требуют классификации. Использование различных методов исследования (описательного, лингвистического анализа, частичной выборки и классификации) позволило на базе веб-сайтов и блогов охватить и упорядочить значительный пласт IT-терминологии и неологизмов, выявить некоторые особенности образования новых единиц языка и обозначить их место и растущую значимость в лексической системе персидского языка. Служащие для коммуникации и обмена информацией неологизмы цифровой культуры стали языковым инструментом современного иранского общества и фактором, влияющим на заметное обновление словарного состава языка.

On March 16, 2024, the Dutch writer, Slavic literature scholar, essayist and translator Kees Verheul, who made a huge contribution to Russian-Dutch literary contacts, passed away. As a researcher and translator of works by Russian poets and prose writers (Brodsky, Annensky, Akhmatova, Platonov, Mandelstam, etc.) and as a teacher of Russian literature at the Department of Slavic Studies at the University of Groningen, he sought to bring Russian literature closer to Dutch readers. As a participant in the Nijhoff Readings and other Dutch literature events in Russia, as well as the editor and co-author of the three-volume history of Dutch literature From “Reynard the Fox” to “Dream of the Gods” (2013–2015), he has helped our compatriots to understand the world of his native culture. As a member of the jury of the prestigious Martinus Nijhoff Vertaalprijs Translation Award and head of a number of large translation projects, he has done much to raise the standard of translations from Russian into Dutch and from Dutch into Russian. The article dedicated to his memory focuses on the origins of his work: based on new data, it describes Verheul’s first steps as a grammar school student in the literary field, his first acquaintance with Russian letters, and traces the connection between the underlying ideas of his books and his life philosophy, which also manifested itself in his everyday relationships with people. In addition, the author of the article — translator of K. Verheul’s works into Russian — shares the lessons of literary translation that Verheul taught her. The article concludes with a fragment of a poem written by Verheul in his grammar school years.