Научный архив: статьи

Мы измерили спектры комбинационного рассеяния (КР) монокристалла алмаза в процессе эпитаксиального роста в СВЧ-плазмохимическом реакторе в смеси водород-метан при различных температурах подложки. Из величины смещения пика 1-го порядка КР в спектре определяли температуру кристалла. Показано, что in situ КР позволяет измерять температуру подложки с более высокой точностью по сравнению с пирометрическим методом, что важно для контроля процесса синтеза CVD алмаза.

В статье дается обзор основных событий, состоявшихся в Высшей школе народных искусств (академии) в рамках проведения IV Международного форума студентов, аспирантов, молодых ученых «Культура России в XXI веке: прошлое в настоящем, настоящее в будущем» 23-24 мая 2024 г. - выставок, мастер-классов, пленарного и секционных заседаний, паблик-токов. Выявлены ключевые направления дискуссий, сформулированы главные результаты работы Форума.

The Arab states of the Persian Gulf (ASPG), i. e. Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Bahrain, Oman, Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates, have adopted different protection mechanisms in recent years to attract foreign investors. One of the most significant mechanisms in this regard is foreign investment insurance. The noteworthy point is that these Arab states are Islamic ones and the existing laws in these societies are based on Islamic doctrine. Purpose: The basic purpose of the current article is to answer the main question: Have the relevant laws regarding foreign investment insurance in the ASPG also paid attention to Islamic insurance? Research Method: In this study, quantitative and qualitative methods have been used to examine the laws regarding Islamic insurance in the relevant states. Conclusion: The present research has come to the conclusion that first, although the ASPG are Islamic ones, some countries such as Oman and Kuwait have enacted Islamic insurance laws in the last ten years (in 2016 and 2019, respectively). In any case, all these states have established Islamic insurance laws. Second, some of these countries’ insurance laws include Islamic and conventional insurance at the same time, like Qatar. Third, all six Arab states in this region believe that insurance laws should not contradict Islamic doctrine. According to the Saudi Insurance Law (approved in 2005), all insurance operations in Saudi Arabia must be based on Sharia law

III Международная конференция1 была организована по гранту РГНФ No16-01-14003 «Организация и проведение международной конференции «История и культура уйгуров» (рук. проекта Д. Д. Васильев) при участии Института европейских, российских и евразийских исследований, Школы международных отношений им. Ллойда Эллиотта – подразделения Универ ситета Джорджа Вашингтона

Организацией, подготовкой и проведением конференции традиционно занимался отдел истории Востока (рук. Д. Д. Васильев) Института востоковедения РАН. На церемонии открытия конференции с приветствиями выступили научный руководитель ИВ РАН академик РАН, доктор исторических наук В. В. Наумкин, заместитель директора по науке ИВ РАН кандидат исторических наук Н. Г. Романова, заместитель председателя оргкомитета конференции доктор исторических наук В. В. Беляков

We show that the inverse scattering transform technique can be applied to obtain the time dependence of scattering data of the Zakharov — Shabat system, which is described by the loaded nonlinear Schr ̈odinger equation in the class of fast decaying functions. In addition we prove that the Cauchy problem for the loaded nonlinear Schr ̈odinger equation is uniquely solvable in the class of rapidly decreasing functions. We provide the explicit expression of a single soliton solution for the loaded nonlinear Schr ̈odinger equation. As an example, we find the soliton solution of the considered problem for an arbitrary non–zero continuous function

В настоящей работе представлены результаты исследования фотоэлектрических свойств механически напряженных InGaAs/AlGaAs гетероструктур с квантовыми ямами различной конструкции, выращенных методом молекулярно-лучевой эпитаксии на GaAs подложке и предназначенных для средневолновых инфракрасных широкоформатных фотоприемных матриц, работающих в спектральном диапазоне 3÷5 мкм. Показано, что изменение состава барьерных слоев приводит к существенному сдвигу спектров фоточувствительности таких гетероструктур.

In recent years, the world scientific community has been trying to combine their efforts to coordinate scientific research in the direction of complex system study. Thus, already in the 1980s, a special scientific discipline called complexity theory emerged. The science about complex nonlinear processes (Nonlinear Science, Science of complexity, Science of Chaos) is now only in the initial stage of rapid growth, as evidenced by the rapid development of this industry in the United States. The problems of complex nonlinear systems are studied at all major universities in Europe and America. This work is devoted to the analysis of various approaches to the study of complex system problem from modern positions. The issues of the systemic world development are covered briefly. They described the foundations of the modern understanding of global Evolutionism.

This article argues that Greek σφαδᾴζω ‘struggle, toss one’s body about’ is etymologically related to Proto-Iranian *zgad- ‘to ride, gallop’ and *zganda- ‘messenger’, the source of loanwords σαγγάνδης and ἀσγάνδης in Greek. Iranian nominal stems *zgandá- ‘rider, mounted messenger’ and *zgánda- ‘riding’ (reflected in Sogdian non-finite forms) suggest the reconstruction of a Proto-Iranian root *zgand-, the zero-grade form of which is found in tudáti-type verbal stem *zgadá-ti ‘rides, gallops’ (*zgad- < *zgn̥d-). The correspondence between Greek σφ- and Iranian *zg- is unproblematic, since these are regular reflexes of PIE *sg wh - in both languages, compare Younger Avestan zgərəsna- ‘round, circular’ vis-à-vis Greek σφαῖρα ‘sphere, ball, globe’. Importantly, in its earliest attestations Greek σφαδᾴζω is used to refer to horses that are prancing, struggling, and moving violently: the application of the verb to human agony is demonstrably secondary. The Greek verb is best analyzed as a denominative *σφαδαι-ιζω derived from an unattested adjective *σφάδαιος, itself made from a nominal stem *σφάδη or *σφαδή, cf. ματᾴζω ‘speak foolishly’ ← μάταιος ‘foolish’ ← μάτη ‘foolishness’; the underlying unattested noun, whether *σφάδη ‘kicking, tossing’ or *σφαδή ‘kick, toss’, is based on a thematic verbal stem *σφαδε/ο- ‘to kick, toss, move swiftly (of horses)’ identical in origin with Proto-Iranian *zgadá- ti. On the basis of these forms, a new PIE root *sg whend- / *sgwhn̥d- ‘to move quickly (of horses)’ can be reconstructed

The article addresses the pragmatic and sociolinguistic constraints of interrupting in Roman comedy. It starts with a redefinition of the phenomenon informed by the methods of Conversation Analysis (CA): apart from syntactically incomplete utterances (as a result of interruptions by others), the analysis also includes the cases of interruptions reported by the characters. Furthermore, a distinction is made between intrusive (disaligning) interventions and other forms of competitive turn encroachments. The term ‘interruptions’, however, has been reserved only for the former, antagonistic type which serves to express disagreement and disinterest or to usurp the speaking turn. Using the revised criteria, the article proceeds to comment on quantitative data extracted from all the extant plays by Plautus and Terence. Accordingly, interruptions are viewed in relation to gender, age and status of the speakers, whereas some more detailed analysis concerns male and female citizens, prostitutes and servants. After comparing every character’s share of talk with their proportional use of turn incursions (both collaborative and disruptive), it is argued that the violation of the turn-exchange system is significantly associated with some interlocutors and less so with others. The last section presents interrupting as a pragmatic means of exerting power in interaction while discussing the phenomenon also from a (sociolinguistic) cross-gender perspective

In this paper, I demonstrate that the early Stoics adhered to a normative theory that may be called intentionalist: the moral significance of any action is not determined by its material content, but by the virtuous or vicious disposition of the agent’s soul and the intentions arising from this disposition. Since according to Stoics all people are divided into virtuous sages and vicious non-sages, all the actions of the former are morally right (κατορθώματα), whereas those of the latter are morally wrong (ἁμαρτήματα), even if they are materially identical. On the other hand, some statements in the Stoic fragments can rather be characterized as deontological: in this case, certain materially defined types of action (stealing, lying, adultery, etc.) seem to be presented as morally wrong in themselves. The paper’s central thesis is that such statements do not contradict the basic Stoic intentionalism but can be interpreted as consistent with it. Such an interpretation becomes possible under two conditions: firstly, if one takes into account how exactly the notions of κατόρθωμα and ἁμάρτημα relate to the Stoic notions of appropriate and inappropriate action (καθῆκον and παρὰ τὸ καθῆκον), and, secondly, if one examines the Stoic position on the moral status of lying, which is very revealing in this respect

The most common word accepted in Mithraic historiography to refer to places of worship is “Mithraeum”. The historical sources, however, offer us a multitude of terms that diverge from this expression which could be evoking different realities and could be referring to other kind of cultic spaces. In this paper, we have collected all the mentions supported in the epigraphy and literary sources, to have a complete vision of all these terms. With these testimonies, we have revised the previous interpretations related to the use of these different names. The variety of them has little to do with location or period. Still, we propose that this terminological variation is related to the consideration that ancient Mithra’s followers had with the moment when they erected the cultic space. It is possible to connect the choice of the word “spelaeum” or “templum” with the first idea they had of what must be an “original Mithraic cave” if we consider the meaning of the verbs used by the dedicators in their inscriptions. The validity of this interpretation will allow for a better understanding of the symbolic universe in which the followers of Mithra moved, instead of the common acceptance of the modern word “mithraeum”