Научный архив: статьи

The article discusses the issues of geopoetics in the works of Sara Ranta-Rönnlund and Mikael Niemi, recreating the Northern text based on the writings of the authors representing the Sámi and the Tornedalian varieties of literature. The choice of authors is determined by the connection of their biographies with the researched geographical space. In contemporary literary studies increasing attention is paid to the examination of texts interconnected by a unified geographical space. The Northern text is analyzed through references to specific places — such as conceptions of the Far North, Russian North, European North etc. In the works of Niemi and Ranta-Rönnlund the image of Norrland, the province of Norrbotten, and the region of Tornedalen is comprehensively analyzed. The main focus is on embodying the image of the North as a supra-textual unity and its realization in ethnic literature. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that the works of these authors have not been studied in domestic literary studies, which in turn opens up prospects for further research on local texts written in Swedish. The subject of the research is the Northern text of Swedish literature, while the object is the embodiment of the image of the North in the work Nådevalpar. Berättelser om nomader o nybyggare i norr by S. Ranta- Rönnlund and Populärmusik från Vittula by M. Niemi. Using comparative and descriptive methods the Northern text is analyzed through geographical, natural-landscape, spatial, historical-cultural, spiritual-moral, aesthetic, and other aspects. The North is characterized as a unique space, frontier and at the same time polar in relation to other regions of Sweden, a place of “communal spirituality”, “preservation” (not multiplication, but “conservation”) of everyday realities, its own dialect (the Sámi language and Meänkieli). The article reveals both common geopoetic dominants for the works of the authors and different, individuallyauthorial ones. The analyzed works, considered as a supertext, allow highlighting key meanings in interpreting the North in Swedish literature: frontier spirit, uniqueness, otherness, traditionality and naturalness

The article focuses on the specific type of literary hero that is common in the short stories of Holger Drachmann, who was considered the most prominent Danish writer in the early 20th century. His first books, “Poems” and a collection of short stories, “With Charcoal and Chalk”, were published in 1872. At the time, Drachmann belonged to the modernist movement and was one of Georg Brandes’ students, but later he changed his political and aesthetic preferences and moved away from the group of Brandes’ followers. Drachman’s artistic style is very special because it has features of Naturalism, Romanticism, Impressionism and Symbolism. But it is possible to conclude that his artistic manner can be called “neo-romantic” according to the contemporary terminology. The characters in his early collections of short stories are vivid, honest, and strong, and they represent the common type of neo-romantic hero that is inherent in other texts related to Neo-Romanticism. Very often Neo-Romanticism is seen as a “reaction” to Naturalism and a return to the principles of Romanticism, but it seems that Neo-Romanticism is much more like Naturalism than Romanticism. The type of neo-romantic hero is closer to naturalistic characters than to romantic characters, because it is a courageous and extraordinary person, an outsider and a rebel, his life is full of desire, risk and adventure, and it looks like a romantic hero, but a neo-romantic hero is a physically and mentally healthy person, and this character is determined by nature and genesis, which is the main feature of Naturalism. Drachman creates a new type of hero in Danish literature: the vital, strong character who struggles with nature and circumstances. His characters have the healthy genetics of ordinary people. Neo-Romanticism in Danish literature was strongly influenced by Naturalism and was the original phenomenon of national literature

The article examines the term nærområde, or “neighbouring area”, widely used in the Danish language with relation to situations of different kind and nature that unfold within a specific territory and have a social or otherwise important impact on the surroundings, forming the nærområde within which problems, threats or crises should be treated. Moreover, nærområde marks the “territory” where the consequences of such situations become tangible, giving an indirect indication of the level at which they are to be dealt with. In the course of the study, it has become possible to distinguish three separate levels where nærområde comes into play: a) local, demonstrating a close internal connection with the concept of fællesskab, which is often invoked when an issue at hand has a bearing on local infrastructure; b) regional, with a clear geographical reference to a certain territory where the problem is to be resolved; c) geopolitical, the scope of which remains uncertain due to the changing priorities of the Danish foreign policy. However, the frequent use of nærområde in recent years has given reasons to suggest that it is more than a territory, as it transpires a whole set of values and attitudes, that are being projected at nærområde itself along with a very certain positioning of the actor, which refers to nærområde as an object. Thus, the main goals of the analysis are: to find common contextual features in the situations where nærområde is used, to illustrate, by providing different translations, what shades of meaning the term possesses along with resolving the following questions: whether it is a concept rather than a term and how exactly it corresponds to the Danish values

Introduction/purpose: Rockets with high-explosive (HE) warheads are the most numerous type used for multiple launch rocket systems (MLRS). They are used for a wide range of combat tasks. Besides other design characteristics, the effect on the target depends on the position where detonation is initiated in their explosive charge. The study analyses the fragmentation effects of steel balls from the 128 mm M77 HE warhead with the standard point-detonating (PD) fuze and with a differently positioned detonating assembly.

Methods: The study uses a simple numerical model for the assessment of the fragmentation effect, which requires modest resources. A numerical model of the fragmentation effect was used with Gurney’s model of explosive propulsion and Taylor’s and Shapiro’s method for the direction of the fragment velocity vector. The penetration ability of projected steel balls through hard homogenous steel was analysed using the Project Thor analytical model of kinetic energy projectile penetration.

Results: The results indicate that a change in the position of the initiation point can improve the fragmentation effect of steel balls. The most significant improvement is increased fragment dispersion, causing much larger fragment impact zones. A modest increase in the fragment velocity is observed as well, mainly because the direction of the fragment velocity vector is changed. Also, the penetration ability of both types of steel balls at distances up to 50 m is sufficient for the anti-personnel role, while larger steel balls have anti-material capabilities as well.

Conclusion: Changing the fuze on high-explosive warheads in order to change the position of the initiation point can be used to improve the fragmentation effect.

Introduction/purpose: This study investigates the influence of contour numbers surrounding the crack tip on stress intensity factors (SIFs) using the Propagation Finite Element Method Crack Tip Stress Intensity Factor (PFEMCT-SIF) approach. It also compares the maximum circumferential stress criterion (MCSC) and the Richard criterion for crack propagation prediction.

Methods: A finite element code written in Visual Fortran was developed to model crack tips with 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 contours using 4-node quadratic CPE4 elements. Abaqus software was utilized to calculate SIFs and crack orientation angles. Horizontal and inclined cracks were analyzed in a steel plate under tensile loading. The results were validated against analytical solutions and previous numerical studies.

Results: The 10-contour model showed the best agreement with analytical SIF values. Increasing contour numbers improved SIF accuracy for horizontal cracks, but excessive refinement led to divergence for inclined cracks. The MCSC and the Richard criterion produced comparable crack trajectories, with the MCSC demonstrating slightly higher precision.

Conclusions: The PFEMCT-SIF method effectively evaluates SIFs and predicts crack propagation paths. A 10-contour crack tip model balances accuracy and computational efficiency. The study highlights the importance of optimizing crack tip mesh refinement in fracture mechanics simulations.

Молекулярно-генетическое профилирование солидных опухолей методом секвенирования нового поколения (next generation sequencing, NGS) широко применяется для подбора терапии таргетными препаратами. В тоже время, за редкими исключениями, NGS не показал себя как надежный инструмент для дифференциальной диагностики заболеваний. Однако некоторые типы опухолей имеют характерные соматические мутации, и их выявление может послужить поводом для уточнения диагноза с применением стандартных методов. Примером таких мутаций являются специфические нарушения в гене EGFR, встречающиеся исключительно при раке легкого. В описывае‑ мом клиническом случае у пациентки был установлен диагноз аденокарцинома кожи. Молекулярно-генетическое профилирование выявило делецию в экзоне 19 гена EGFR, что послужило поводом для проведения дополнитель‑ ных гистологических исследований и пересмотра диагноза в пользу аденокарциномы легкого; это демонстрирует возможность использования результатов молекулярного профилирования в качестве вспомогательного метода дифференцировки подтипов рака.

A new method for the correct identification of various complex structural elements of ancient hieroglyphs is described. The method is based on photometry of the studied surface of the ancient artifacts. The obtained data are converted into digital form in order to determine the characteristics and parameters characterizing the properties of the investigated artifact surface. Digitized data is processed in various graphic applications, including those working with vector images. Several control experiments were also carried out. In particular, the corresponding statistical characteristics and parameters of the studied artifact surface profiles were determined. The data obtained made it possible to unambiguously detect the ancient hieroglyphs on the artifact surface and determine their number. Described method of studying ancient artifacts makes it possible to obtain sufficiently reliable results that will undoubtedly be useful and promising in the study of ancient hieroglyphic signs. Our research method is characterized as: non-contact, informative, and sensitive. This testifies to its importance and prospects in the study of similar ancient artifacts.

The ongoing digital transformation provides an infrastructural basis for multi-level networking. The United States and China as the leaders in designing long-term social and economic development strategies pay serious attention to technological sovereignty and sustainable interaction between the corporate and public sectors that are impossible without reliable digital infrastructure. Digital platforms have become its most important component, creating prerequisites for the formation and development of various network structures. The paper discusses the subordinate effects resulting from the development of digital platforms as part of digitalization. Today, global value chains are being transformed, changing the global reproduction system; the reproduction process is also influenced by digital transformation; technological development and innovations bring new opportunities and transform all aspects of socioeconomic interaction. The methodological basis of the study is constituted by the system approach, comparative analysis and statistical methods. The paper examines the prospects of digital platforms in the PRC both for the national economy and international cooperation and proposes guidelines on their strategic development. It describes the specific features of financing their formation and systematizes the characteristics of networking in the sphere of e-commerce, cloud services and investment cooperation. Addressing the social aspect of using digital platforms, the study emphasizes the importance of social monitoring and migration controls that give the country a competitive advantage in developing and testing the technologies involved. It also shows that platform employment and digital poverty create multidirectional trends affecting the country’s economic development.

Relevance. The well-being of citizens is a key focus of national policies worldwide. Kazakhstan, however, is characterized by significant regional disparities in social well-being, which necessitates targeted programs and investments to improve conditions in less developed areas. Research Objective. This study aims to develop a national adaptive social well-being index to evaluate and spatially map the regions of Kazakhstan. Data and Methods. The methodology included identifying indicators through a literature review and regional data, conducting an expert survey to weight them, and creating a social well-being index. A spatial analysis was then used to calculate the index for each region. Results. The social well-being index shows significant disparities across regions. Astana, Almaty, and Atyrau demonstrate strong social welfare, driven by economic growth and advanced social infrastructure. In contrast, Karaganda, Pavlodar, and Shymkent show lower social welfare, highlighting the need for targeted interventions and investments. Conclusion. The findings offer valuable insights for policymakers to design strategies for sustainable socioeconomic growth in Kazakhstan. The proposed index can help national and regional authorities monitor social well-being.

Distribution of the scutigeromorph centipede Thereuonema tuberculata (Wood, 1862) in Russia and Kazakhstan has been refined. This species is recorded for the first time from Kemerovskaya oblast, Altaiskii krai, Krasnodarskii krai and the Republic of Altai in Russia, as well as from Kazakhstan. Moreover, Scutigera coleoptrata (Linnaeus, 1758) is excluded from the fauna list of the Asian part of Russia.