Научный архив: статьи

The failed Catalan sovereignty process, launched in 2012 and then crushed by the intervention of the Spanish central government in 2017, relied to a certain extent on a discursive framework based on the evocation of previous secessionist experiences in Europe. Among these, the case of Slovenia (successfully completed in 1992) stood out. A close examination of these cases outlines the limitations of these analogies, notably through their differences in terms of political and social articulation and, in particular, the diverging success of external engagement. Beyond political and social articulation and the degree of economic development (heterogeneous aspects in many successful statehood processes), the comparison of these cases demonstrates that a sound internationalization strategy is essential for statehood attainment. The success of such a strategy does not solely depend on the secessionist actors’ ability to reach out to the relevant international players, but also on the latter’s readiness to provide necessary support. While the Slovenes managed to promptly engage with the rapid geopolitical changes in the immediate aftermath of the Cold War, the Catalan bid for secession found receptiveness only among marginal actors within major powers, all together unwilling to push for border changes of a state located in a sensitive area of the Euro-Atlantic security complex

This paper explores the role of nuclear power in substituting fossil fuels and contributing to the net zero. It considers to what extent the French position on nuclear energy is viable within the framework of EU green energy governance. The analysis of EU legal attempts to develop a common strategy for member countries and the case study of France reveal the controversial nature of nuclear energy. The authors argue that the EU could work towards easing off nuclear energy and could successfully overcome the pro-nuclear views of countries which currently depend on it for electricity production. The limited climate benefits of nuclear energy, when the whole life-cycle of nuclear reactors is considered, and the unease of the population with nuclear energy, even in countries that depend on it, chart a probable new course for a renewable energy mix in the EU. This phasing-out of nuclear energy is likely to be progressive so as to avoid lost investments in developing the technology and will hinge on how rapidly renewables reach their technological maturity

Icon painting has been one of the most important aspects of the cultural heritage of Romanian Armenians, contrasting with historical Armenia, where icon paintings were not widespread. Among more than ten iconographic forms of St. Gregory popular in Armenian art of the 18 th century, only three are found in the icons created in Romania. The most common of these three forms created in Romanian-Armenian art, similar to Armenia itself and the Armenian colonies of the Diaspora, depicts the baptism scene of the Armenian royal family. Comparable icon paintings in the Romanian environment depict King Tiridates III of Armenia, Queen Ashkhen, and Princess Khosrovidukht kneeling before the Illuminator. In contrast to Armenia, the tortures of Gregory the Illuminator were often depicted in European art. In the 18 th –19 th centuries, a group of icons was also created in the Romanian-Armenian church environment, illustrating St. Gregory’s tortures and the martyrdom of St. Hripsime. Romanian-Armenian art portrays several biblical and pan-Christian worshipful saints as intercessors before the Mother of God, including St. Gregory. Alongside other saints of the General Church, St. Gregory served as the intercessor of the Armenian people. The Romanian-Armenian icons of Moldova exhibit a diverse range of styles, reflecting the various influences from Eastern European Orthodox and Catholic art during the 17 th to 19 th centuries. This article delves into the distinctive features of each iconographic type, comparing their versions within the same theme to unveil commonalities and differences. Details of the icons dedicated to St. Gregory’s life are described and analyzed based on biographical narratives

This article examines the historical and architectural significance of Erzincan’s Kurma Evler, earthquake-resistant houses constructed in response to the devastating 1939 earthquake. It aims to assess the Kurma Evler’s role in modern heritage and their potential as sustainable models for earthquake-resistant construction. The study involves a comparative analysis of Kurma Evler with similar post-disaster housing projects globally. It evaluates their design, construction techniques, and sustainability features. The research also explores the impact of Erzincan’s historical context and the 1939 earthquake on the city’s architecture and urban planning. The Kurma Evler, built between 1949 and 1951, exemplify modern heritage through their earthquake-resistant design and prefabricated construction. These single-story, detached houses with gardens represent significant advances in building techniques and offer valuable lessons for earthquake-prone regions. The comparison with international post-disaster housing projects highlights commonalities in design and construction practices. Limited Scope of Surviving Structures: the focus is on the Kurma Evler that have survived, but there is no detailed analysis of those that have been demolished or are no longer accessible. This limits understanding of the full impact of urban development on these historic structures. The study emphasizes the importance of preserving the Kurma Evler as a cultural and architectural legacy. It advocates for a collaborative preservation approach involving local communities, government authorities, and international organizations. Proposed initiatives include educational programs, community-led preservation efforts, and heritage registration. This paper contributes to the understanding of modern heritage by highlighting the Kurma Evler as a model for sustainable and earthquake-resistant construction. It offers recommendations for their preservation and restoration, underscoring their significance in architectural evolution and societal resilience.

According to Russian lexicographic and grammatical tradition, the Russian vocable TY contains two lexemes: TYI ‘you SG, the Addressee of this utterance’ and TYII.1 ‘my imaginary Alter Ego — as if it were you SG ’; this paper proposes a third TY lexeme: TYII.2 ‘arbitrary nonspecified imaginary person — as if it were you SG ’. The paper describes the obligatory omission of the nominative wordform of TYII.2 in certain expressions; it is shown that the corresponding cases are better considered as ellipses than as the use of zero wordforms. The rigorous notions of ellipsis and zero wordform are introduced and characterized, followed by recommendations for the choice between them in ambiguous situations. The sentence Nastojaščego mužčinu golymi rukami ne vozʹmëšʹ ‘One cannot conquer a real man with bare hands’ is formally represented on semantic, deep-syntactic, surface-syntactic and deep-morphological levels, and the rules for the transition between these representations in the synthesis of this sentence are spelled out. Full lexical entries for the three lexemes of TY are given, as well as several linguistic comments concerning important details (such as the «plural» of TYI, a comparison of TYII.2 with the indefinite-personal pronoun Ø ‘people’ (3)PL, etc.).

This study examines the relevance of Eurasian doctrine for modern Russian legal science. The research demonstrates that Eurasian political-legal theory, based on concepts of “guaranteed state” and “ideocracy,” offers an alternative to Western liberal-democratic models. The analysis reveals that comprehensive study of Eurasian legal heritage represents a crucial task for general theory of state and law, particularly in the context of legal transformation and modernization of Russia. The principal conclusion establishes that direct borrowing of Western state-legal institutions constitutes one of the causes of destabilization of the national legal and political system

The article is devoted to the analysis of the information war that unfolded in the global media space around the conflict between Israel and Hamas after the events of October 7, 2023. The purpose of the study is to identify the main tools and methods used by the parties to construct conflicting realities and dominate the digital environment. Based on the analysis of materials from international media (Reuters, The Guardian, BBC, CNN, Al Jazeera, The Economist), the work explores opposing narratives (the “war of civilization on terror” against the “struggle for liberation from occupation”), strategies for using visual content, mechanisms for spreading disinformation and coordinated campaigns on social networks (astroturfing, manipulation of hashtags). The methodology includes a comparative analysis of discourse and a case study of key incidents. It is concluded that in the conflicts of the 21st century, the struggle for control over narrative and information space acquires strategic importance, determining international legitimacy and shaping historical memory, while traditional media face a crisis of trust and turn out to be both targets and participants in the confrontation

The global energy crisis of 2021—2022 significantly impacted the financial markets of many countries. The shock of price volatility in the oil and gas market triggered the transmission of crisis processes across various European countries, including those in the Baltic Sea region. This article analyses the effects of the energy crisis on these countries using the financial contagion methodology. The study aimed to estimate the financial contagion that spread through stock market channels in the Baltic Sea region during 2021—2022, as well as to systematize measures aimed at mitigating the consequences of the energy crisis and countering financial contagion. Using statistical analysis methods, the current state of the energy market in the Baltic region and its response to the conflict between Russia and Ukraine were examined. By reviewing a range of publications on the Baltic countries, evidence of financial contagion that emerged in different years under the influence of various shocks was identified. The financial contagion methodology was implemented by constructing DCC-GARCH models and estimating contagion effects using specialized test statistics. The calculations revealed that the energy crisis led to financial contagion in the markets of most Baltic Sea region countries. The study identified the causes of these countries’ vulnerability to financial contagion and provided additional estimates of contagion from a sectoral perspective. This allowed for conclusions to be drawn regarding the resilience of individual economic sectors to the crisis. The varying degrees of exposure to financial contagion were explained by differences in dependence on external energy supplies and the nature of anti-crisis policies. The paper systematized a set of specific anti-crisis measures for households and businesses in the Baltic Sea region and outlined strategies for countering financial contagion.

The article presents an analysis of contemporary British military-political strategy in the Baltic region. Since 2014, there has been a notable increase in British presence in the area, leading to multiple security risks for Russia, particularly since 2022. This is due to the fact that the UK has increasingly linked its national security threats to Russia’s policy towards Ukraine, as well as in the Black Sea and Baltic regions. By focusing on Russia’s positions in the Baltic and Black Sea regions, the UK has defined its security priorities, explicitly connecting them to countering “threats from Russia and preventing Russia from gaining strategic advantages as a result of the situation in Ukraine,” as clearly stated in the 2023 Security Review. It is no coincidence that British military strategists have started emphasizing the interconnectedness of the Baltic and Black Sea regions, as well as the Baltic and Arctic regions, highlighting the necessity of ensuring security in one part by addressing security challenges in others — primarily by limiting Russia’s influence. Through an analysis of key British security documents within the framework of the regional security complex theory, the author demonstrates how the Baltic Sea region has become a crucial link for British military strategists, connecting the Far North and Eastern Europe. The aim of the article is to determine how the UK’s security interests are connected to and pursued through its interactions with the Baltic Sea region countries. To achieve this, the following research objectives have been set: to analyse the conceptual and strategic goals of the UK in the field of security and the implementation of its national interests; to outline the role and significance of the Baltic Sea region within the UK’s broader international security strategy; and to identify specific tactical approaches employed by the UK to advance its national interests through cooperation with NATO countries in the region

Целью данной научной статьи является интеграция и адаптация термина «йольские языки (langues d’oïl)» в понятийный аппарат современной отечественной романистики для расширения научных знаний о данной группе романских языков. В соответствии с поставленной целью в работе решается ряд ключевых задач: анализируются исторические предпосылки формирования самого термина; описываются ареалы распространения региональных языков на территории современной Франции; даётся комплексная характеристика феномену «французского патуа» (patois francisé) как результата взаимодействия йольских языков и стандартного французского. Важными аспектами исследования являются определение места йольских языков в общей классификации романских языков, разработка собственной классификации их диалектов, а также оценка степени влияния германских языков на их развитие.

Результатом работы становится системное представление о йольских языках как о самостоятельной языковой группе с сложной структурой и уникальными лингвистическими характеристиками. Статья вносит вклад в отечественную филологию, предлагая унифицированный терминологический аппарат и всесторонний анализ, необходимый для дальнейших исследований в области галло-романской лингвистики.

В статье представлены результаты фенологических, морфометрических исследований растений и семян Tulipa altaica Pall. ex Spreng. Начало отрастания в условиях региона-реципиента происходит во второй половине апреля, побеги появляются через 10-15 дней после схода снега. Генеративные растения проходят полный фенологический цикл. При высоких показателях семенной продуктивности и всхожести семян в открытом грунте доля растений, достигших генеративной фазы онтогенеза, очень низкая. Показатели морфометрических параметров генеративных побегов практически не отличаются от растений in situ. Семена, собранные в ex situ, обладают морфометрической изменчивостью с высокой корреляционной зависимостью между длиной и шириной семян, между размерами семян и их зародышей, что указывает на влияние количества эндосперма на размер зародыша. Фенологические наблюдения выявили прямое влияние изученных экологических факторов на наступление фенофаз и возможное влияние большого количества осадков на отсутствие формирования генеративных почек возобновления. По показателям успешности интродукции вид не рекомендован для озеленения города Новосибирска до выявления форм, устойчивых к местным условиям

В рубрике «За рубежом» мы хотели бы познакомить вас, прежде всего социологов, с научным творчеством видного турецкого социолога Байкана Сезера (1939–2002 гг.), профессора Стамбульского университета. Окончив в 1968 году отделение социологии факультета литературы Стамбульского университета, Б. Сезер посвятил социологической науке всю свою жизнь. В 1982–93-х гг. он возглавлял кафедру общей социологии и методологии и Центр социологических исследований в этом же университете. Из-под его пера вышли в свет шесть монографий и более ста других научных публикаций