Научный архив: статьи

The global energy crisis of 2021—2022 significantly impacted the financial markets of many countries. The shock of price volatility in the oil and gas market triggered the transmission of crisis processes across various European countries, including those in the Baltic Sea region. This article analyses the effects of the energy crisis on these countries using the financial contagion methodology. The study aimed to estimate the financial contagion that spread through stock market channels in the Baltic Sea region during 2021—2022, as well as to systematize measures aimed at mitigating the consequences of the energy crisis and countering financial contagion. Using statistical analysis methods, the current state of the energy market in the Baltic region and its response to the conflict between Russia and Ukraine were examined. By reviewing a range of publications on the Baltic countries, evidence of financial contagion that emerged in different years under the influence of various shocks was identified. The financial contagion methodology was implemented by constructing DCC-GARCH models and estimating contagion effects using specialized test statistics. The calculations revealed that the energy crisis led to financial contagion in the markets of most Baltic Sea region countries. The study identified the causes of these countries’ vulnerability to financial contagion and provided additional estimates of contagion from a sectoral perspective. This allowed for conclusions to be drawn regarding the resilience of individual economic sectors to the crisis. The varying degrees of exposure to financial contagion were explained by differences in dependence on external energy supplies and the nature of anti-crisis policies. The paper systematized a set of specific anti-crisis measures for households and businesses in the Baltic Sea region and outlined strategies for countering financial contagion.

The article presents an analysis of contemporary British military-political strategy in the Baltic region. Since 2014, there has been a notable increase in British presence in the area, leading to multiple security risks for Russia, particularly since 2022. This is due to the fact that the UK has increasingly linked its national security threats to Russia’s policy towards Ukraine, as well as in the Black Sea and Baltic regions. By focusing on Russia’s positions in the Baltic and Black Sea regions, the UK has defined its security priorities, explicitly connecting them to countering “threats from Russia and preventing Russia from gaining strategic advantages as a result of the situation in Ukraine,” as clearly stated in the 2023 Security Review. It is no coincidence that British military strategists have started emphasizing the interconnectedness of the Baltic and Black Sea regions, as well as the Baltic and Arctic regions, highlighting the necessity of ensuring security in one part by addressing security challenges in others — primarily by limiting Russia’s influence. Through an analysis of key British security documents within the framework of the regional security complex theory, the author demonstrates how the Baltic Sea region has become a crucial link for British military strategists, connecting the Far North and Eastern Europe. The aim of the article is to determine how the UK’s security interests are connected to and pursued through its interactions with the Baltic Sea region countries. To achieve this, the following research objectives have been set: to analyse the conceptual and strategic goals of the UK in the field of security and the implementation of its national interests; to outline the role and significance of the Baltic Sea region within the UK’s broader international security strategy; and to identify specific tactical approaches employed by the UK to advance its national interests through cooperation with NATO countries in the region

Целью данной научной статьи является интеграция и адаптация термина «йольские языки (langues d’oïl)» в понятийный аппарат современной отечественной романистики для расширения научных знаний о данной группе романских языков. В соответствии с поставленной целью в работе решается ряд ключевых задач: анализируются исторические предпосылки формирования самого термина; описываются ареалы распространения региональных языков на территории современной Франции; даётся комплексная характеристика феномену «французского патуа» (patois francisé) как результата взаимодействия йольских языков и стандартного французского. Важными аспектами исследования являются определение места йольских языков в общей классификации романских языков, разработка собственной классификации их диалектов, а также оценка степени влияния германских языков на их развитие.

Результатом работы становится системное представление о йольских языках как о самостоятельной языковой группе с сложной структурой и уникальными лингвистическими характеристиками. Статья вносит вклад в отечественную филологию, предлагая унифицированный терминологический аппарат и всесторонний анализ, необходимый для дальнейших исследований в области галло-романской лингвистики.

В статье представлены результаты фенологических, морфометрических исследований растений и семян Tulipa altaica Pall. ex Spreng. Начало отрастания в условиях региона-реципиента происходит во второй половине апреля, побеги появляются через 10-15 дней после схода снега. Генеративные растения проходят полный фенологический цикл. При высоких показателях семенной продуктивности и всхожести семян в открытом грунте доля растений, достигших генеративной фазы онтогенеза, очень низкая. Показатели морфометрических параметров генеративных побегов практически не отличаются от растений in situ. Семена, собранные в ex situ, обладают морфометрической изменчивостью с высокой корреляционной зависимостью между длиной и шириной семян, между размерами семян и их зародышей, что указывает на влияние количества эндосперма на размер зародыша. Фенологические наблюдения выявили прямое влияние изученных экологических факторов на наступление фенофаз и возможное влияние большого количества осадков на отсутствие формирования генеративных почек возобновления. По показателям успешности интродукции вид не рекомендован для озеленения города Новосибирска до выявления форм, устойчивых к местным условиям

В рубрике «За рубежом» мы хотели бы познакомить вас, прежде всего социологов, с научным творчеством видного турецкого социолога Байкана Сезера (1939–2002 гг.), профессора Стамбульского университета. Окончив в 1968 году отделение социологии факультета литературы Стамбульского университета, Б. Сезер посвятил социологической науке всю свою жизнь. В 1982–93-х гг. он возглавлял кафедру общей социологии и методологии и Центр социологических исследований в этом же университете. Из-под его пера вышли в свет шесть монографий и более ста других научных публикаций

Since the 16th century, the dge-lugs-pa (Gelug sect) of Tibetan Buddhism has been spread widely in Mongolian regions, gradually permeating the ideological and social lives of the Mongolian people. This has imbued Mongolian people’s politics, economy, culture and art with profound Tibetan Buddhist characteristics. Meanwhile, due to specific reasons such as the different history of inheritance, the different language and culture of the believers, and the different degrees of social development in the regions where Mongolian are located, after hundreds of years of localization, Tibetan Buddhism in Mongolian regions also has strong Mongolian characteristics, which significantly differentiate it from Tibetan Buddhism in Tibetan areas. Therefore, if we want to understand the inheritance and development of Tibetan Buddhism, we should also pay attention to the current situation and development trends of Tibetan Buddhism in Inner Mongolia. Although the belief in Tibetan Buddhism in Inner Mongolia has evidently weakened compared to its prosperous dissemination over the past few centuries, it still occupies a main position among religious beliefs in the region. As the primary religious faith of Mongolians in Inner Mongolia, Tibetan Buddhism continues to play a role in preserving and inheriting traditional culture, while offering unique functions and contemporary values in constructing Mongolian identity and imparting ethical and moral education. Currently, in the process of development of Tibetan Buddhism in Inner Mongolia, there are many problems, such as the low level of ability among monastic talents, the lack of unity and harmony within monk team, the inadequate standardized management of monks, and the inaccurate dissemination and promotion of Buddhist teachings. This paper analyzes the manifestations and causes of these issues, and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions to solve these problems, so as to provide intellectual support for the healthy development of Tibetan Buddhism in Inner Mongolia.

The Yuan Dynasty, established by the Mongols, was the first unified national regime in Chinese history led by a minority and marked a period of cultural diversity. This era saw a fusion of various religious thoughts influencing the literati’s works, embedding Buddhist, Daoist, and Confucian elements. Yang Jingxian’s zaju adaptation of “Journey to the West” as an important literary piece from the late Yuan and early Ming periods, vividly reflects the religious and cultural backdrop of its time. This paper analyzes the manifestation of Buddhist, Daoist, and Confucian thoughts in Yang Jingxian’s zaju to explore its religious undertones.

The work is devoted to the analysis of ways of development of the theory of self-organization for the world of complex systems. This is due to the fact that the modern world understanding is based on the concepts of complex world and correspondingly on interactions of complex systems, such as nonlinearity, imbalance and chaotic state in the process of evolution. The paper summarizes not only all types of self-organization known to date, but also the degree of participation of authors in the topic. In addition, a new type of cumulative self-organization is considered separately.

This article argues that in the first verse of Catullus’ epigram 85, the commonly found translation of quare as ‘why’ in English versions since the 17th century, but particularly in translations produced in the last fifty years, cannot be accepted. In the context of Catullus’s poetry, with poems 72 and 75 offering an explicit background to and rationale for the contradiction in the poet’s feelings between love and hate, and in the light of the incontrovertible connotation of quare (or qua re) as ‘how’ in a passage of Terence’s Eunuchus, the correct translation of the word can only be ‘how’. Some suggestions are made to account for the origins and the persistence of the mistranslation. The translation as ‘why’ in the prose version in the 1912 Loeb edition edited by F. W. Cornish is suggested to have influenced a generation of English-speaking students, and Martial’s epigram 1.32 is invoked as a cause. But it is further argued that in taking Catullus’s epigram as a model for his own, Martial may have expressly intended to suggest that the meaning of quare as ‘why’ that was current in his time was different in that very respect from the connotation ‘how’ clearly intended by his predecessor.

In this piece, attention is once again drawn to the locus classicus of Euripidean sententious outbursts, lines 599–602 put in the mouth of Hecuba mourning her daughter Polyxena. Suggested for bracketing by W. M. Sakorraphos in 1893 and athetised by J. Diggle (1984) and D. Kovacs (1995) in their respective editions (although not in the editions of J. Gregory (1999) and K. Matthiessen (2010), the lines (and the whole passage 592–602) have also shouldered a weight of Euripidean Weltanschauung doctrines built on their slender frame. A brief overview of scholarly judgment, often overexacting, prompts one to occupy the middling ground allowing both for the possibility of the genuine character of the lines 599–602 and their relevance in context (and not only expressing the ideas current in Euripides’ times) with both birth and upbringing contributing to virtuous character. The metaphor in line 603 should not be considered a brave mannerism, or a marginal remark of some critic, but a marker of a change of topic, its archery imagery well on the side of trite

This article offers an overview of the Greco-Latin and early modern Jesuit sources of Stefan Iavorskii’s (1658–1722) three bilingual panegyrics addressed to his patron Varlaam Iasinskii, rector of the Kiev-Mohyla college (1669–1689), the Orthodox metropolitan of Kiev (1690– 1707), Hercules post Atlantem infracto virtutum robore honorarium pondus sustinens published in Chernihiv in 1684, Arctos Caeli Rossiaci in Gentilitiis Syderibus and Pełnia nieubywaiącey chwały w herbowym xiężycu (The Plenitude of Inexhaustible Glory in the heraldic moon), published in Kiev in 1690 and 1691. Both these works are prosimetric bilinguals (some sections are in Latin, others in Polish), testifying to a significant classical erudition of their author. However, Hercules is one most traditionally “classical” in its dispositio and elocutio, while the style of the other two, written after Iavorskii’s educational journey through Jesuit schools in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, is much more innovative, highly metaphorical, allegorical, relying on the argumentation of surprise (based on acumen- and argutia-theory expounded in the rhetoric of Jan Kwiatkiwiecz) and emblems due to an extensive use of combinations of multiple pictorial-verbal themes (especially in Pełnia)

This paper traces the semantic and constructional development of the complement-taking verb εὑρίσκω ‘find’ from Homeric Greek to Post-Classical Greek. First, the paper details the semantic development of εὑρίσκω using characteristics such as predicate type, semantic role of the subject and factivity. Subsequently, explanations are offered for the constructional development of εὑρίσκω, using insights from grammaticalization research such as reanalysis and analogy. In contrast to previous studies on Ancient Greek complementation which support the idea of a systematic Classical Greek opposition of factive participial versus non-factive infinitival complementation, this paper shows how bridging contexts of mental judgment εὑρίσκω with a participial complement do not follow this opposition as they are non-factive and changed their meaning (with reanalysis) before changing their complementation structure (through analogy). Also, by extending our view to the individual history of other cognitive predicates (ἐπίσταμαι, γιγνώσκω and οἶδα) the author shows that other cognitive predicates undergo similar developments from factive+object to factive+ACP to non-factive+ACI, although their individual histories are still in need of a systematic diachronic account. Thus, complementation patterns per period could be analysed in a more fine-grained way by analysing complementation patterns bottom-up from the semantic and constructional evolutions of individual predicates. Also, the findings from this paper provide evidence towards a diachronic solution of the so-called matching-problem: diachronically related semantic and constructional stages strongly motivate the choice of a specific complementation structure but absolute factivity oppositions in Classical Greek complementation are rather strong tendencies