Статьи

Machine learning (ML) environments offer a variety of methods and tools that help to solve problems in different areas, including software engineering (SE). Currently, a large number of researchers are interested in the possibilities of using various machine learning techniques in software engineering. This paper provides an overview of machine learning techniques used in each stage of the software development life cycle (SDLC). The contribution of this review is significant. Firstly, by analyzing sources from bibliographic and abstract databases, it was found that the topic of integrating machine learning techniques into software engineering is relevant. Secondly, the article poses questions and reviews the methodology of this research. In addition, machine learning methods are systematized according to their application at each stage of software development. Despite the vast amount of research work on the use of machine learning techniques in software engineering, further research is required to achieve comprehensive comparisons and synergies of the approaches used, meaningful evaluations based on detailed practical implementations that could be adopted by the industry. Thus, future efforts should be directed towards reproducible research rather than isolated new ideas. Otherwise, most of these applications will remain poorly realized in practice.

Первая и вторая статьи посвящены анализу роли творчества А. Стриндберга в дискуссии о «новой женщине» в России рубежа XIX-XX вв. В научной литературе был неоднократно отмечен интерес русских авторов этого периода к творчеству шведского писателя, однако в вопросе рецепции взглядов Стриндберга на женщину остаются неисследованные области. Обсуждение новой роли женщины в эпоху активных общественных изменений в России оказалось встречным течением, определившим особенное внимание к некоторым произведениям Стриндберга, в частности пьесе «Фрекен Жюли». В первой статье рассматриваются взгляды российских современников Стриндберга на изображение женщины в его творчестве и затрагивается история переводов и постановок «Фрекен Жюли» в России. Во второй статье мы обращаем внимание на влияние этой драмы на образы пьес «Вишневый сад» А. П. Чехова и «Жан Ермолаев» Г. Ге и концентрируемся на рассказе А. В. Амфитеатрова «Нелли Раинцева» (позднее превращенном автором в сценарий и Е. Бауэром - в фильм), сюжет которого, как впервые показано в статье, является вариацией сюжета стриндберговской «Фрекен Жюли». В качестве доказательств приводятся фрагменты дискуссии современников Амфитеатрова о женоненавистничестве Стриндберга, в частности письмо Горького к Амфитеатрову, и публицистические размышления самого Амфитеатрова о женских правах. Подвергаются анализу изменения, привнесенные Амфитеатровом в стриндберговский сюжет и характеры, и делается вывод о том, что Амфитеатров оправдывает «падшую» аристократку, в т. ч. путем предоставления слова ей самой с помощью дневниковой формы, нередко использовавшейся в то время в литературе и кино о новых женщинах. Делается вывод о том, как сюжет и характеры пьесы «Фрекен Жюли» были преобразованы в русской культуре.

The analysis of land use and land cover (LULC) based on remote sensing and geographic information systems in Ben En National Park, Vietnam, from 2003 to 2023 has revealed significant landscape changes. Assessing the accuracy of the classification results on our Landsat satellite images has shown high reliability, with kappa coefficients above 0.9 for both 2003 and 2023, indicating strong agreement between the classified images and actual reference data. Over the two-decade period, the dominant LULC class remained natural forest, albeit experiencing a substantial reduction in coverage. In contrast, waterbodies and agricultural land expanded significantly. These LULC changes can be attributed to both natural processes and human activities, such as dam construction and water management projects. The most concerning trend is the significant decline in natural forest coverage, primarily driven by deforestation, logging, and land conversion. These activities pose a severe threat to plant biodiversity and the habitats of wildlife within Ben En National Park. Climate change, characterized by erratic weather patterns, exacerbates these challenges, disrupting forest development. Prolonged droughts and heavy rainfall disrupt the growth of planted species, aggravating the situation. Urgent measures are required to address illegal logging and deforestation, coupled with sustainable land management practices to safeguard the park’s unique biodiversity. This study underscores the importance of remote sensing and geographic information systems in monitoring and addressing environmental changes, providing essential data for informed decision-making in land use planning and conservation efforts within the national park.

The study endeavors to examine the dynamics of movement, posture, and social interactions within cafés operating in the two neighboring countries during the 17th to 19th centuries. These establishments, which began their global spread in the 17th century, served as quintessential gathering places for men in Eastern societies, where various discussions took place amidst the accompaniment of ashough music and poetic recitations. They were venues where the intellectual and creative figures of the era – writers, musicians, and artists – regarded cafés as the ideal platform for self-expression, thus becoming the centres of contemporary performances, festivities, and multicultural exchanges. Due to the deepening cultural relations, artists from neighboring regions, such as Iran and Armenia, frequently performed in cafés across both countries, thereby fostering a reciprocal exchange of artistic expression. This is why many Armenian public figures of the time – musicians and writers enjoyed recognition in Iran and possessed knowledge of the Persian language. Similarly, a comparable environment was established in cafés operating within Armenia, where prominent Persian artists showcased their talents. Nevertheless, with hanging times and the evolving nature of artistic expression, cafés gradually lost their prestige as primary centers of entertainment. They transformed into more inclusive spaces frequented by the general public. Today, they continue to serve as venues for live music, book presentations, and lectures, retaining a legacy of cultural significance.

Молекулярные кристаллы халькогенидов обнаруживают широкий спектр изменений химических и физических свойств под действием света с энергией, превышающей ширину запрещенной зоны. Большинство этих свойств определяются электронной структурой. Однако по электронной структуре As4Se4 имеется лишь несколько теоретических статей по молекуле и всего только две - по кристаллу As4Se4. В настоящей работе впервые были сопоставлены геометрическая и электронная структура кристалла As4Se4 и молекулы As4Se4, рассчитанные в рамках периодической модели методом DFT в одних и тех же приближениях. При этом были рассчитаны равновесные длины связей и валентные углы вместе с разностными электронными плотностями, зарядами Малликена, Лёвдина и Бадера, а также Малликеновскими заселенностями перекрывания, и проведён сравнительный анализ характера химической связи в кристалле As4Se4 и молекуле As4Se4. Выполненные DFT расчеты зонной структуры показали, что кристалл As4Se4 является непрямозонным полупроводником.

In June 2022, the publishing house of Saint Petersburg State University published the monograph Communicative Adaptation in Dialogue: A phonetician’s point of view (Kachkovskaya 2022), the fruit of many years of work by a team of authors who are teachers, students and graduates of the Department of Phonetics and Methods of Teaching Foreign Languages. The book explores the manifestations of intra-speaker speech variability as a result of the adaptation of interlocutors to each other in the course of the process of communication. This is the first comprehensive study of the phonetic side of communicative adaptation based on Russian material that determines the relevance and innovative perspective of this work and its unconditional theoretical value. The subtitle of the publication (‘a phonetician’s point of view’) is of note and is able to arouse the interest of a prospective reader.

Area Studies - междисциплинарные региональные и страновые исследования - в последние десятилетия являются объектом критики со стороны «мейнстрима» общественных наук. Специалисты по отдельным регионам и странам воспринимаются как в недостаточной степени владеющие современной исследовательской методологией и в большей степени ориентирующиеся на интересы гуманитарных, а не общественных дисциплин. В то же время изучение отдельных регионов и стран требует накопления специфического знания, которое с высокой вероятностью будет утеряно в отсутствие сообществ Area Studies. В статье рассматриваются основные направления критики Area Studies и существующие предложения по модернизации этого исследовательского направления. Критика Area Studies может быть связана с тремя проблемами: чрезмерным доминированием гуманитарных наук в большинстве сообществ Area Studies, недостаточным учетом современных теоретических и эмпирических подходов и скрытой нормативностью, то есть подменой научного анализа ценностными утверждениями. Модернизация Area Studies как научного направления связана с применением альтернативных подходов к региональным и страновым исследованиям в рамках трех исследовательских проектов: сравнительных Area Studies (Comparative Area Studies, CAS), трансрегиональных исследованиях (Transregional Studies) и региональной специализации в рамках отдельных дисциплин.

Purpose. The research is purposed at substantiation of the design of floating marine stations with a wave energy generator. The proposed construction is of higher efficiency as compared to the known designs due to the application of roll oscillations and resonance operating mode.

Methods and Results. The resonance method of converting wave energy into electrical energy, as well as the design of an autonomous station based on the resonance conversion of the station hull roll oscillations into the electrical energy are described. The method implies adjusting the frequency of natural angular oscillations of the floating station hull to the significant wave frequency. It has been theoretically proved that the conversion of roll oscillations energy is more effective than the conversion of vertical oscillations. This is due to the fact that the amount of damping during vertical vibrations of a cylindrical body in water exceeds the amount of damping during angular oscillations of such a body. Besides, the proposed method is shown to be effective for applications in the development of measurement systems and storage devices. The design of a floating station is proposed for implementing the resonance method for converting wave energy. It is shown that adjusting the frequency of natural onboard oscillations of the station hull to the significant wave frequency can be done using the additional filled tanks. The algorithm for adjusting the hull roll oscillations to the resonance with significant wave frequency is described. The kinematic scheme for a mechanical converter of roll energy into electrical one is proposed.

Conclusions. The results of theoretical studies were validated experimentally using the device test model in a wave experimental basin. They show that the hydrodynamic efficiency of the proposed wave converter increases as the wave heights decrease.

In this study, two examples of physical experiment automation using computer vision and deep learning techniques are considered. The first of them involves the use of classical computer vision techniques to detect and track the oblique shock wave on the experimental shadowgraph images. This was achieved using Canny edge detection and Hough transform, which allowed to obtain the line equation corresponding to the oblique shock wave. By automatically calculating the angle of this wave for each frame in the video, the process of extracting quantitative information from flow visualizations was significantly accelerated. In the second example, a convolutional neural network was trained to identify four classes of objects on the shadowgraph images, namely vertical shock waves, bow shocks, plumes, and opaque particles in the flow. The custom object detection model is based on the up-todate YOLOv8 architecture. To realize this task, a dataset of 1493 labeled shadowgraph images was collected. The model showed excellent performance during the learning process, with model precision and mAP50 scores exceeding 0.9. It was successfully applied to detect objects on the shadowgraph images, demonstrating the potential of deep learning techniques for automating the processing of flow visualizations. Overall, this study highlights the significant benefits of combining classical computer vision algorithms with deep learning techniques in the automation of physical experiments. However, classical algorithms demand the writing additional code to extract the required information. The deep neural networks can perform this task automatically, provided that a well-annotated dataset is available. This approach offers a promising avenue for accelerating the analysis of flow visualizations and the extraction of quantitative information in physical experiments.

A recurrent formula for estimating an impedance of the cathode catalyst layer with fast oxygen transport in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell is derived. The catalyst layer is divided into N sub-layers and application of the charge conservation law enables to obtain the nonlinear recurrent relation Zn = f(Zn-1), where Zn is the accumulated impedance of all sub-layers up to the n-th one. Numerical solution of this relation gives the total impedance of the catalyst layer with taking into account variation of the static overpotential of the oxygen reduction reaction along the depth of this layer. The model is simple, robust and two orders of magnitude faster than the standard model based on numerical solution of the differential equation.

The study examined animal-based metaphors in Igbo with a focus on their cultural and contextual meanings and interpretations. It adopted the pragmatic methodological approach involving interviews with 20 participants drawn from various Igbo culture areas to collect animal-based metaphors as well as their meanings and interpretations. Introspection also featured in data collection as the authors are native speakers of Igbo. The study revealed that animal-based metaphors are used to describe human personality, conduct or behavior. This is essentially by the process of associating some features or attributes of the animals with human conduct and personality. The study further identified that some metaphors could be used in dual metaphorical sense, i.e., derogatory/negative, and commendatory/ positive, and these depend on the cultural connotations as well as contextual meanings and interpretations of the referents. The study concludes that animalbased metaphors in the Igbo language and culture reflect and represent the description of a person, conduct or behavior, as well as beliefs and realities among the Igbo.

Впервые приводятся сведения о нахождении вида Astragalus teskhemicus в центральной и северо-западной части Монголии, ранее считавшегося эндемиком песков Цугер-Элс на юге Республики Тыва. Установлено, что A. teskhemicus встречается в составе псаммофитных сообществ - чабрецовых и полынных.