Научный архив: статьи

The drainage basin, river, and delta zone together constitute a complex open dipole system. In it, the watershed subsystem plays the role of an accumulator of high potential energy of water, the channel zones are cumulative transit zones of the potential energy of water, and the estuarine zones are dissipators of this energy, minimizing its level to the maximum. It is convenient to represent such a system as a “drainage” model, which allows us to consider all types of floods in its various sections and at the same time give a comparative assessment of the potential of river systems as dipole formations from tectonic positions.

В результате критического изучения коллекций Гербариев LE, MW, MHA, NSK, NS, AGBI, VLA в 2010– 2024 гг. во флоре Амурской области российского Дальнего Востока впервые выявлен вид Geranium turczaninovii (Serg.) Troshkina. Полученная информация дополняет сведения о современном распространении Geranium turczaninovii.

The perfect tense in Greek which is used to denote a state of affairs in the present as resulting from a past action does not find an exact equivalent in the system of Latin tenses: when faced with the need to express this idea a Latin speaker could either focus on the expression of the state by using the present tense (whereby the connection with the past was not expressed and would only be inferred), or use the perfect, in which case the effect of the past action on the present was not directly expressed and could only be deduced (the so-called resultative perfect). The article analyses Latin speakers’ attitude to this difference between Greek and Latin verbal systems, in particular, on the basis of the evidence collected from Roman epistolography when the letter-writer felt that the idea he wished to express could most aptly be rendered by a Greek perfect and switched to the Greek solely for that perfect form. The corpus of texts used for this study included the letters of Cicero to Atticus and his Epistulae ad Familiares, the Letters of Pliny the Younger, Seneca’s Letters to Lucilius, excerpts of Augustus’ letters preserved by Suetonius, and M. Cornelius Fronto’s correspondence with Marcus Aurelius

The present article offers a reassessment of Hom. ἄφρων [adj.] ‘unreasonable, senseless, foolish’, which is traditionally accounted for as an ablauting compound (of the type πατήρ: ἀπά- τωρ) based on the simplex φρένες [f. pl. tant.] ‘midriff, diaphragm’ (+Il.). This archaic ablauting pattern (viz. °φρων vs. simplex φρήν*) is totally unparalleled for body parts; besides, the Ancients’ interpretation of φρένες as ‘diaphragm’ is flawed. Φρονέω ‘to have (good) understanding or intelligence’ is a back-formation coined after ἀφρονέω ‘to act senselessly, to be foolish’. From zero-graded ἀφραίνω (via a synchronic reanalysis of -αίνω as a deverbative suffix of the type °φαίνω), an adverb *ἀφρα-δόν ‘senselessly, foolishly’ was eventually coined, which was the starting point of a whole new group. From this group was reanalyzed a “new” synchronic root √φραδ- ‘to heed, to consider’, reflected by Hom. φράζω. The lack of comparative evidence for this sprawling word family leads the author to assume that Hom. ἄφρων [adj.] ‘senseless, fool, heedless’ is in fact the reflex of a PIE etymon *ń̥ -gʷʱr(h1)-on- ‘without sense of smell, not able of scenting’, from PIE *gʷʱreh 1- ‘to smell’ (cf. Ved. jí-ghr-a- < *gʷʱí-gʷʱr(h 1)-V-). This verbal compound of the type νήφων [*-on-adj.] ‘sober’ (< PIE *ń̥-h 1gʷʱ-on- ‘not having drunk’) would have been eventually reanalyzed as a privative bahuvrīhi (viz. ‘lacking φρένες’).

In the article, the structure and key content aspects of the new textbook Economy of Benelux Countries by E. A. Sergeev, PhD in Economics, Associate Professor of the Departments of World Economy and History and Politics of European and American Countries at MGIMO-University, Senior Researcher at the Institute of International Studies (MGIMO), and Zh. N. Komissarova, PhD in Economics, Associate Professor of the Department of World Economy at MGIMO-University. There still exist gaps in Russian research of small European countries and Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg in particular. The textbook is designed to fill one of these gaps and presents a comprehensive analysis of the three economies, covering topics from real, financial, and foreign economic sectors to social systems and enterprise size structure in the Benelux countries. The textbook is well-grounded with extensive illustrative material — numerous tables and graphs based on national and international statistics, including an original — first in Russian research — Dutch economic history periodization. Another significant advantage is the explanation of theoretical concepts (e. g., “small open economy”) using examples of Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg, which not only familiarizes the reader with the (sub)region’s economy, but also increases their theoretical knowledge. The textbook also includes a thorough description of individual issues of particular relevance to Benelux — e. g., TNCs, demographic and migration is sues, labor market transformation and precarious employment, and regional economic imbalances. The textbook by E. A. Sergeev and Zh. N. Komissarova is thus of great importance for Benelux research and European studies, and is recommended for reading by university students, their teachers, and researchers

India has the world’s largest population employed in agriculture and related industries. According to the World Bank, about 43% of Indian population was employed in agriculture in 2019, and most of this population lives in rural areas. India has the world’s largest population living in the villages. According to the Indian census of 2011, 68% of its population, i. e., 833 million people, lived in rural areas. Although there has been a steady decline in the agricultural employment and rural population, India is still a country with the population closely linked to agriculture and rural areas

The paper presents a phenomenological generalized model of a first-order metamagnetic phase transition for the La(Fe, Si)13 compounds in the approximation of localized moments under the simultaneous action of temperature, field and pressure. To achieve the maximum cooling power of magnetic solid-state cooling devices, the Curie temperature of the working bodies should be fine-tuned by two external generalized forces: a magnetic field and pressure. The thermodynamic phenomenological models presented in the literature are mostly focused on the description of the behavior of magnetocaloric materials in the vicinity of phase transition in the absence of external pressure. In turn, the latter provide a significant reduction in the field hysteresis effect by shifting the Curie temperature and expand the working temperature range of the refrigerant. To estimate the required pressure value, a new generalized model was developed that excludes the linear dependence of the phase transition temperature on the volume change and modernizes the form of the magnetic and phonon entropy, taking into account anharmonism. In addition, the equations of state describing the behavior of working bodies underwent a multistimuli cooling cycle were obtained. The model allows estimating the upper limit of the temperature and field hysteresis and predicting the required external pressure to reduce the field hysteresis.

Ushbu maqola turizm sohasida ayollarning rolini aniqlashga bag’ishlangan. 1997 yilgi turizm siyosati loyihasida turizm insoniyatning barqaror rivojlanishi uchun muhim vosita bo’lib, ayollar uyushmalarini yaratishga, qashshoqlikni yo’q qilishga va atrof-muhitni umuman yaxshilashga katta hissa qo’shdi. So’nggi yillarda ayollarning etakchilik rollarida kam ishtirok etishiga qaramay, biznes va boshqaruv sohasidagi ishtiroki oshdi. Turizm sohasida ishlaydigan ayollar yuqori lavozimlarni egallaydilar, ammo ularning vazifalari ko’pincha etarli darajada qoplanmagan ko’nikmalarni o’z ichiga oladi. Turizm sohasi haqiqatan ham ayollarning turli sohalarda band bo’lishi va o’rtacha daromad keltiradigan faoliyat bilan shug’ullanishi uchun turli imkoniyatlarni taqdim etadi.

We establish some generalizations of integral inequalities for Hardy-type operator and its conjugate via Laplace transform. Moreover, some new estimates with Laplace transform are deduced.

Chemical stabilization is a typical method for enhancing salinity in soils. In this regard, an effort has been made to evaluate the effect of chemical substances and stabilizers of Portland cement on the geotechnical characteristics of salt soils. Due to their geologic makeup, textural characteristics, and climatic factors, the majority of the soils in the southern part of Iraq are notable for having a wide variety of formations. Because the soil particles in the saline regions of Thi-Qar governorate are encircled by molecules of chlorides, sulfates, or other salt species that function as link agents to fill in the gaps in the dry state, these soils may generally be categorized as saline soils. The sort of salt in such soil determines how it should be disposed of. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of adding different types of salt compounds including NaCl, MgCl2, Na2SiO3, and CaCl2 with various percentages 2, 4, 8, and 10 % and Portland cement for improving the consistency limits and shear strength of saline soft soils. It was found that adding cement materials and a group of chlorides NaCl, MgCl2, Na2SiO3, and CaCl2 increased the unconfined compressive strength of the soil from 290 to 814, 506, 404, 574, and 422 kPa, respectively, and decrease the consistency limits.

Utilization of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and fly ash (FA) to resolve the problem of increasing discharged and total accumulated industrial waste has attracted public concern. This article presents the research results on the effect of the replacement of up to 60 wt.% cement with GGBFS and FA, separately and in combination. It shows that mineral admixtures improve the workability of concrete mixture and reduce the required water-reducing admixture to reach a defined slump, prolonging the setting time of fresh concrete. The compressive strength of concrete with GGBFS at an early age decreases while increasing at 60 days and 90 days with the GGBFS content from 20 wt.% to 40 wt.%. The compressive strength of concrete with FA well develops at a later age, but it decreases at all ages as the FA replacement ratio increases. Cement replacement with a combined mineral admixture of 20 wt.% GGBFS and 20 wt.% FA does not significantly change the compressive strength at 28 days and later. Based on test result