Научный архив: статьи

Der Aufsatz untersucht die Rezeption der Antike in der Lyrik von Alexander Kuschner. Der Dialog mit der Antike ist ein zentraler Bestandteil der Lyrik des St. Petersburger Dichters, beginnend mit seinen ersten Gedichten der 1960er Jahre. Besonderes Augenmerk wird auf die Analyse des Gedichts „Перед лучшей в мире конной статуей…“ („Vor dem besten Reiterstandbild der Welt…“, 2008) im Zusammenhang mit dem Problem der literarischen Ekphrasis gerichtet. Der theoretische Teil des Artikels verdeutlicht die Bedeutung des Begriffs „Ekphrasis“ und gibt einen kurzen Überblick über die wichtigsten Konzepte in der Literaturwissenschaft. Der Begriff tauchte in der Antike auf, wurde im 19. Jahrhundert in der klassischen Philologie verwendet und seit dem 20. Jahrhundert auf die Analyse der modernen Literatur ausgedehnt. Dabei hat sich der Umfang des ursprünglichen Konzepts und seine Anwendung erheblich erweitert. Dichterinnen und Dichter der Gegenwart nutzen die Möglichkeiten der Ekphrasis auf unterschiedliche Art und Weise. Am hä ufigsten wird der Schwerpunkt von der Beschreibung des Kunstwerks selbst auf die Beschreibung eines subjektiven Eindrucks übertragen. Die Gedichte nehmen immer hä ufiger Bezug auf Kunstobjekte ohne sie detailliert zu beschreiben. Der analytische Teil zeigt die Relevanz des ekphrastischen Prinzips in Bezug auf die verschiedenen Ebenen des lyrischen Textes. Das kulturgeschichtliche Paradigma des poetischen Bildes von Reiterstatuen, das in Kuschners Gedicht in expliziter oder impliziter Form vorliegt, wird rekonstruiert. Erlä utert werden nicht nur explizite Anspielungen auf das Marcus-Aurelius-Denkmal, sondern auch implizite Reminiszenzen, die sich nicht zuletzt auf die Gedankenwelt der Antike entscheidend prä gende Philosophie der Stoiker beziehen

The author discusses the newly found Greek inscriptions from Lasica, from the basilica on Machkhomeri Hill near Khobi dated to the 6 th c. CE, with three Greek words and expressions having non-standard meanings. The only possible interpretation of the expression ἔχετε ἐν παραθέκῃ (sic) that comes to mind is “to have or keep as a pledge, to have or keep entrusted” i. e. the martyrs must keep the soul of the founder Gorgonios, which he entrusted to them as a pledge of his own salvation. The standard meanings of the term κατοίκησις as “settling” or “dwelling, abode” do not correspond to the context of the list of the benefactors either as an act or as a locus, as well as the early Byzantine meaning “government, administration”. It should mean here a burial, which could be understood as a new dwelling of the body or even a shrine for the relics (probably one of the Forty Martyrs), which appeared in Machkhomeri in connection with the rebuilding of the basilica and which was placed in the martyrium in the eastern end of the southern aisle. Finally, the term συνοδία by its origin meant a “companionship on a journey”, and later became a terminus technicus for caravan; new, Byzantine meanings of this word are “Christian fellowship company of the faithful, local congregation”, “gathering, assembly for worship”, “community of religious”. But here it is an “association of lay people around an institution or an influential person, probably functioning as a group of pilgrims”

A new method is developed for n-type, high-resistivity (up to 150 ohm • cm), large-diameter (up to 125 mm), low-cost silicon crystals for power devices such as diodes, thyristors and transistors. The required resistivity’ of silicon is achieved during both crystal growth and power device manufacturing processes. The main properties of UDCz silicon and some parameters of the transistors made from this silicon are presented.

A technique for transforming pixel images to form a new type of structures – named filamentous, or thread-like, by the author – possessing the property of revealing significant features of the transformed objects, has been developed. A program in Python using the OpenCV computer vision module and the Numpy data array module, allowing for efficient processing of original pixel images and visualization of filamentous mappings formed on their basis, has also been developed. Both the principles of the developed method and the main actions performed during the execution of the program code are described. The created program is distinguished by ease of use and the ability to adjust the thread placement step. Based on the results of experiments on processing a large number of heterogeneous images and analyzing the obtained results, conclusions have been drawn and recommendations have been given regarding the prospects for applying filamentous structures in various fields of science and art. Particular attention is paid to the transformation of fractal images widespread in nature. The potential convenience of using the developed thread-like structures for improving the procedures of recognizing fuzzy images (including those using neural networks), for example, obtained from satellites, is also considered.

В работе рассматривается этническая стереотипизация немцев французами на примере une querelle d’Allemand («немецкая ссора») с точки зрения исторического контекста и этнокультурного взаимодействия в современных условиях. Целью исследования является описание данного этностереотипа в дискурсивных практиках и попытка сопоставления его с определённым культурным сценарием, моделью поведения в немецком обществе. Задачи исследования включают установление происхождения, частотности фразеологизма une querelle d’Allemand и соотнесение данного гетеростереотипа с представлениями немцев о самих себе. В результате исследования установлено, что актуализация этностереотипа «немецкая ссора» в немецком дискурсе осуществляется двумя путями - через французское заимствование une querelle d’Allemand и его немецкоязычный эквивалент eine deutsche Querele, при этом оба выражения имеют ограниченное функционирование в немецком языке и представляют собой, соответственно, гетеро- и автостереотип. Первый основан на истории конфликтов немцев с французами, а второй - на собственных наблюдениях особенностей национального характера. Автор приходит к выводу что формирующийся на основе этностереотипа культурный сценарий «немецкая ссора» нельзя считать нормой, но можно назвать негативным сценарием поведения, к которому некоторые немцы относятся критично или с самоиронией, в то время как другие не признают наличие данного этностереотипа, считают его устаревшим и незнакомы с французским выражением querelle d’Allemand.

In this paper, we investigate an initial boundary-value problem for a pseudo-subdiffusion equation involving the Hilfer time-fractional derivative on a metric graph. At the boundary vertices of the graph, we used the Dirichlet condition. At the branching points (inner vertices) of the graph, we use δ-type conditions. Such kind of conditions ensure a local flux conservation at the branching points and are also called Kirchhoff conditions. The uniqueness of a solution of the considered problem is shown using the so-called method of energy integrals. The existence of a regular solution to the considered problem is proved. The solution is constructed in the form of the Fourier series.

21-asrda davom etayotgan integratsiya jarayoni yangi xavfsizlik kun tartibiga, xususan, Xitoy va Markaziy Osiyo mamlakatlari o’rtasidagi transchegaraviy xavfsizlik bo’yicha hamkorlikka olib keldi. Ushbu yangi kun tartibi uchta asosiy tashvishlarni o’z ichiga oladi: tovarlar va odamlarning chegaralar bo’ylab harakatlanishi, transchegaraviy infratuzilma va chegaralar bo’ylab ma’lumotlar oqimi. Kelajakda transchegaraviy xavfsizlikni boshqarishning takomillashtirilgan mexanizmlari mintaqaviy fuqarolarning rivojlanish imkoniyatlariga yordam beradi. Shunga qaramay, transchegaraviy xavfsizlikning tobora murakkablashib borayotgan tabiati hukumatlardan terrorizmga qarshi kurash va jinoyatchilikka qarshi kurash kabi doimiy muammolarni, shuningdek, odamlar va ma’lumotlar oqimini engillashtirish kabi yangi muammolarni hal qilishni talab qiladi. Ushbu muammolarni hal qilish uchun Xitoy Markaziy Osiyo mamlakatlari bilan hamkorlikni kuchaytirishi kerak.

Relevance. Inter-municipal cooperation is an effective tool for addressing resource deficits faced by municipalities, and its importance has grown in today’s context of socio-economic instability. However, the success of such cooperation largely depends on a careful selection of partners, which raises the question of how the strength of ties between municipalities impacts their ability to collaborate effectively. Research objective. The aim of this study is to explore how the spatial characteristics of interdependence between municipalities influence their interactions and cooperation. Data and methods. The research draws on official statistical data from Russia’s Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat), as well as information from investment passports and municipal socio-economic development strategies. The study employs spatial correlation methods, cartographic analysis, and general research techniques, including analysis and synthesis. Results. The inter-municipal relationships in Sverdlovsk Region are highly uneven, with significant disparities in the level of involvement across different areas. These relationships are predominantly concentrated around the region’s administrative center and its neighboring municipalities, while the northern and eastern parts exhibit the weakest connectivity. Municipalities in the Ekaterinburg urban agglomeration are the most active participants in joint projects, whereas those in the southwestern part of the region show less involvement. The northern and eastern areas, in particular, demonstrate minimal engagement in forming partnerships with other municipalities, highlighting a stark regional imbalance. Conclusions. The study confirms a strong link between the interdependence of municipalities and the extent of their cooperation. Factors such as territorial and socio-economic proximity play a key role, but additional drivers, such as national or regional policies, also significantly influence inter-municipal collaboration. Interestingly, a lack of resources among potential partners does not appear to impede cooperation.

Приведены результаты U-Pb изотопного датирования зерен детритового циркона из терригенных отложений средней подсвиты джежимской свиты, расположенных на Немской возвышенности Южного Тимана. Показано, что породы сформировались не раньше, чем на рубеже нижнего и верхнего протерозоя. Возраст зерен циркона охватывает диапазон от 3170±43 до 1480±49 млн лет. Источниками обломочного материала для метапесчаников джежимской свиты Немской возвышенности предполагаются магматические и метаморфические комплексы центральных районов Волго-Уралии. Возрасты датированных цирконов практически совпадают с возрастами цирконов из нижней подсвиты джежимской свиты, расположенной севернее возвышенности Джежимпарма, за исключением средне-верхнерифейских датировок. Проведен сравнительный анализ полученных результатов датирования с возрастами зерен из верхнерифейских толщ Урала и Тимана. Показано, что зерна циркона, содержащиеся в изученных метапесчаниках, значительно древнее их стратиграфических аналогов из северной и средней частей Тиманского кряжа, а также Полярного и Приполярного Урала. На Южном Урале данные о возрасте обломочных цирконов сходны с таковыми на Южном Тимане. При сравнении данных по датированию обломочных цирконов в северных и южных разрезах Тимана был установлен ряд отличий. В популяции цирконов из северной части Тимана значительное количество имеет среднерифейский возраст, а количество цирконов с архейским и раннепротерозойским возрастами незначительно. В южной части Тимана древние цирконы с возрастами 2100 и 2500 млн лет преобладают, а цирконы со среднерифейским возрастом отсутствуют. Формирование рифейских пород на южном Тимане происходило при участии более древних (архей-раннепротерозйских) источников, в отличие среднего и северного Тимана, где источниками обломочного материала являлись более молодые (среднерифейские) комплексы.

The article presents how, against the background of the devastating cholera epidemics that swept away in Russia in 1830-1831, according to incomplete data, almost 200,000 lives, and in 1848-1849 much more, sanitary and anti-epidemic measures were taken in the educational institutions of the Ministry of Public Education. A feature of St. Petersburg University and the Main Pedagogical Institute was the residence of a large number of state students in the building of the Twelve Colleges and other buildings. The usual sanitary measures developed by that time by the administration of educational institutions on the recommendations of physicians, as well as special anti-cholera measures, which included daily monitoring of students to identify sick people, prohibition of their contact with relatives, cleaning of premises, and announcement of extraordinary long vacations, turned out to be very effective. If among the professors of the university there were sick and died from cholera, then among the students in 1831, according to archival data, not a single death was recorded, and in 1849 only one student fell ill with cholera.

The article examines the issues of correlation of labour disputes and conflicts of interest in labour legislation and regulations on the civil service. The main positions on the inclusion or non-inclusion of service relations in the area of labour law are presented, based on this, the conclusion is reproduced that contracts on labour (service) with public employees are special classes of labour contracts, and the passage of public service is, as it were, in a state of bifurcation, branching, division into parts (bifurcation). This article contains a discussion about whether it is possible to justify the emergence of labour disputes (conflicts) in official relations affecting private and public interests, in this regard, common features, principles inherent in labour disputes and conflicts of interest are analyzed, their differences in subject composition are revealed. Finally, the author concludes that it is possible to combine labour disputes and conflicts of interest in a single definition of the concept - labour disputes (conflicts), with their subdivision into labour disputes (conflicts) of certain categories of workers and labour disputes of public employees.

Objective: To assess the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of a digital algorithm based on convolutional neural networks used for restoring the lost surface of the skull bones.

Materials and methods. The neural network was trained over 6,000 epochs on 78,000 variants of skull models with artificially generated skull injuries. The key parameters of the algorithm were assessed on 222 series of multislice computed tomography (MSCT) of patients with defects of the skull bones, presented in DICOM format.

Results. For the group as a whole, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy rates were 95.3%, 85.5%, and 79.4%, respectively. Multiple experiments were conducted with a step-by-step elimination of 3D models in order to find the underlying cause of unsatisfactory outcomes of the skull lost surface restoration. Incorrect identification of the defect zone most often occurred in the area of the facial skeleton. After excluding series with the presence of artifacts, the mean increase in metrics was 2.6%. Conclusion. The accuracy of identifying the reference points (specificity) on a 3D model of the skull by the algorithm had the greatest impact on the ultimate accuracy of repairing the lost surface. The maximum accuracy of the algorithm allowing the use of the resulting surfaces without additional processing in a 3D modeling environment was achieved in series without the presence of artifacts in computed tomography (83.5%), as well as with defects that did not extend to the base of the skull (79.5%).