Научный архив: статьи

This work presents a simulation-based comparative analysis on the harm of manipulations in two widely used school choice mechanisms — the constrained Boston and Gale– Shapley — through the perspective of the share (percentage) of students getting into schools and the average welfare of students. Thus, this part of the research extends the manipulability analysis presented in the fi rst part but analyzes not the vulnerability of mechanisms to manipulations but the harm of manipulations per se. We also investigate the connections between the parameters of the problems (percentage of sophisticated students and the mechanism constraint, i. e. the maximum number of schools that students are allowed to list in their preferences) and the outcomes of the mechanisms. Finally, we analyze and compare two different mechanism designs: the one where students submit their preferences by the same point in time and the one where students are allowed to change their preferences through a certain common period of time. In this part of the research we show two main advantages of the Gale–Shapley mechanism compared to the Boston mechanism: the higher percentage of students getting into schools and, under the realistic assumption of correlated preferences of students, higher average welfare of sincere students, with the average welfare of all students being statistically equal under two mechanisms in the most of analyzed scenarios

Following the change in the Chicago school admission system, P. Pathak and T. Sönmez (School admissions reform in Chicago and England: Comparing mecha nisms by their vulnerability to manipulation, 2013) showed that the change was justified from the manipulability perspective — the Boston mechanism, indeed, remained more manipulable than the Gale–Shapley mechanism, when students were only allowed to submit constrained preference lists (the same constraint for both mechanisms). They worked under the assumption that all information is revealed to students. However, usually, students do not have access to the complete information on the priorities of schools and the preferences of other students. This work extends the research to the incomplete information settings. We provide the results theoretically, to some extent, contradictory to the literature on school choice, but at the same time, supporting the literature from a practical perspective. More precisely, we argue that while theoretically the switch from the constrained Boston mechanism to the constrained Gale–Shapley mechanism cannot be supported unequivocally in terms of manipulability, if we realistically assume incomplete information in the model, practical estimations of the degrees of manipulability generally support the switch from the former mechanism to the latter

Based on a joint study by “Gazprom Neft”, “Gazprombank” and “Severtstal” titled “Megatrends 2026” [1] and author’s own studies, several features of the future digital development of the world are considered. Nine megatrends forming a new digital reality are being analyzed: new types of communication, the broad implementation of artificial intelligence into business processes, the expansion of the autonomy of robotics and unmanned aircraft systems, strengthening the capacity of quantum technologies, the development of new data protection measures, the appearance of new computing methods and types of microelectronics, the expansion of the capacity of biotechnologies, the merging of the digital and physical worlds, and the diversification of energy sources. The systemic effect of the convergence of these trends, as well as their impact on the oil and gas industry, the financial sector, and the manufacturing industry, have been identified. A conclusion is made about the transition from digitalization as an optimization tool to digital transformation as a new operational reality where technologies become new active agents of change.

The theory of “universal organizational science” became the crowning achievement of the works of the outstanding Russian thinker of the 20th century, Alexander Alexandrovich Bogdanov-Malinovsky (1873-1928). His audacious attempt to reduce organizational principles to a “universal point of view” was the result of a bright revolutionary, not only political, but also scientific life path. Like all great things, it was met with a barrage of criticism from its contemporaries. The article provides a brief analysis of it, as well as an analysis of the influence of tectology on philosophical and Marxist-Leninist dialectical theories of that time. The role of tectology as a harbinger of subsequent systemic views and the general theory of systems is shown.

The paper deals with the concept of basic summability of residue function of interval function, which is a synonym for its differential form. As one comprehensive concept, it includes not only all known concepts of integrability, such as Newton’s, generalized Riemann and generalized Riemann — Stieltjes integrability, but also arithmetic series

We obtain fully constructive results on construction of trigonometric interpolation polynomials with multiple nodes. We construct polynomials interpolating periodic complex– valued functions of a real variable. The polynomials are represented in general form and in the form of expansions over fundamental polynomials. We provide examples and discuss unresolved problems

In the light of the latest research on the role of tidal friction and excess infrared emission of the giant planets of the solar system the role of viscous friction at different moments of inertia for a layered planets for example Earth

In this paper, a methodological issue is considered concerning the corpus of texts bearing witness to “spoken Latin”. Within this corpus there are also some texts that have been neglected up until now, stemming from shorthand records of spoken utterances: all of them — either dialogal or monologal — share a conversational allure, that allows the singling out of both universal and historical features of spoken (late) Latin. One of these texts, the Gesta concilii Aquileiensis, is then examined: the shorthand report of a Church council summoned in AD 381, where a lively debate is recorded among bishops supporting opposite views — Catholic vs. Arian — of the divinity of Christ. The survey on the universal traits of orality surfacing in the Gesta focuses on the textual-pragmatic, the syntactic and the semantic levels. It leads to interesting results, concerning above all syntax (prominence of parataxis, and of descendent order of the phrasal constituents within the complex sentence, i. e. independent clause > dependent clause) and semantics (lack of lexical innovation; inclination for expressive words). Despite the undeniably formal — and sometimes even formulaic — character of the dialogue, I would argue that the Gesta allow us to listen as it were to the voices of a group of cultured bishops animatedly discussing subtle theological matters

The article examines two expressions for the new moon in Latin, luna silens and luna sicca (or sitiens). Despite the unusual imagery behind the choice of these epithets, the expressions appear in unremarkable, technical contexts (mostly, in works on agriculture by Cato, Columella, Pliny the Elder) and denote this particular phase of the lunar cycle without any indication that the metaphors were perceived by speakers. The paper aims at explaining this paradox. It is shown that neither of these expressions was based on superstitions or popular lore. They reflected, in fact, an attempt to present the phase of the lunar cycle when the moon is invisible in contrast to other visible phases, which are easier to identify. Thus, luna silens was created by opposition to luna crescens “the waxing moon”, as denoting the moment before active, visible growth will begin. Luna sicca, on the other hand, was created by opposition to luna plena, “the full moon”, where the moon would be imagined as a vessel, gradually filled to its fullness by white light. Finally, luna sitiens was an expression, synonymic to luna sicca, created by analogy with luna silens. While these expressions were used as terms without any artistic effect, Augustan poets seem to have recognized their poetic potential and, on some occasions, put it to use (in particular, Verg. Aen. 2, 255 and Prop. 2, 17, 15).

They discussed the irrelevance of the ideas put forward earlier about the sources of the Earth endogenous heat. They showed the incorrectness of the new model of the perovskitepostperovskite phase transition for the D boundary. In the light of new concepts of nonlinear dynamics, new approaches are proposed that have a wider application for any planetary systems. They considered the role of viscous-plastic friction on the endogenous heat release at the boundary D with a difference in the moments of inertia for a two-layer model of the Earth under the conditions of velocity variation rotation. They performed the analysis of the published data from the satellites of Jupiter concerning the traces of endogenous activity on their surfaces. They put forward the idea about the role of variations in kinematic parameters (nutation and precession of rotation, eccentricity of revolution) on endogenous manifestations on their surfaces as an obligatory property of nonlinear planetary systems. This allows us to explain the latest research by NASA scientists on satellite data concerning the excess of infrared radiation of the giant planets in the solar system.

An attempt to interpret the famous ancient musical composition known as ὄρθιος νόμος requires an analysis of all available evidence connecting ὄρθιος with sounds. The most extensive description of this nome (Dio 1. 1) ascribes it a military (or generally stimulating) character. This conforms with a number of passages, where an ὄρθιος sound ‘makes one stand up’ to help, or to fight, i. e. it stimulates dynamic activity. Perhaps, then, this was the initial meaning of the adjective, from which it eventually morphed to mean ‘sonorous’ or ‘piercing’. It seems that a sound could be made piercing and pervasive both by its volume and by its pitch, therefore ὄρθιος as a quality of sound frequently correlates with ‘loud’ and ‘high’. Nevertheless, a common interpretation that equates ὄρθιος with ὀξύς is unwary: the conventional metaphor in ancient Greek concerning a sound’s pitch is ὀξύς — βαρύς (‘sharp’ — ‘heavy’), whereas the spatial metaphor of vertical (‘high’ — ‘low’) is not reliably attested. Another characteristic of sound that our sources correlate with ὄρθιος is ‘strained’ (ἔντονος, ἀνάτασιν ἔχων, ἀνατεταμένος), which in its turn likely indicates loudness (but does not literally translate as either ‘high’ or ‘swift’) and physical effort on behalf of the performers, or else the ethos of a musical piece, which transmitted tension to the audience

This article attempts to provide an interpretation of a passage on the noun number written by the 5th-century grammarian Cledonius who composed a lemmatised commentary on Donatus’ Ars minor and Ars maior. The passage discussed here is a part of the explanation regarding the noun categories in Ars minor: Numerus, qui unum et plures demonstrat: et communis est numerus, qui et dualis dicitur apud Graecos, ut species facies res. (GL V 10. 19–20). Cledonius’ text confuses two terms dualis and communis, which normally signify different linguistic phenomena. Tim Denecker, whose article covers the history of the term dualis in Latin grammatical treatises, argues that dualis in this passage is indicating a pair and is equated to communis. The aim of the present work is to explain why these two terms have been confused. When comparing Greek and Latin, the Roman grammarians Charisius, Diomedes, Priscian, and Macrobius highlighted the absence of the dual number from Latin, whereas Donatus added it to the singular and plural exemplifying it with two nomina — duo and ambo. Having analysed all of Cledonius’ passages on dualis and communis and compared them with the original text of Donatus, one may notice that Cledonius did not make comments on Donatus’ observations concerning the dual number of duo and ambo. In the author’s view, the grammarian may have opined that the Latin language had no dual number at all, so that in his commentary Latin communis is juxtaposed to Greek dualis and both are opposed to singular and plural