Статьи

The paper еtheorizes the relationship between a redshift in the electromagnetic spectrum of space objects and their gravity and demonstrates it with computational experiments. Redshift, in this case, is a consequence of deceleration of the photons emitted from the surface of objects, which is caused by the gravity of these objects. The photon speed reduction due to the attraction of space gravitating object (GO) is defined as ΔC = C-C ‘, where C’ is a photon speed changed by the time the receiver records it. Then, at photon speed variation between a stationary source and a receiver, the redshift factor is determined as Z = (C-C ‘)/C’. Computational experiments have determined the gravitational redshift of the Earth, the Sun, a neutron star, and a quasar. The graph of the relationship between the redshift and the ratio of sizes to the mass of any space GOs washas been obtained. The findings indicate that the distance to space objects does not depend on the redshift of these objects.

The paper considers the features of the mutual influence caused by the ice cover of the Arctic waters and the meridional components of the atmospheric circulation in the Northern Hemisphere of Earth, which are manifested in the modern period. The identification of such features is an urgent problem of climatology, meteorology, oceanography, as well as the maritime transport industry.
The subject of this research is the statistical relationship between interannual changes in a number of characteristics of the Arctic ice cover and components of the atmospheric circulation. The features of the impact of external factors on them are also investigated.
The paper checks the adequacy of the hypothesis put forward that the significant factors of the interannual variability of the characteristics belonging to Arctic Air Outbreak that occur in the summer season in a number of regions of the Arctic include variations in the state of their ice cover caused by the combined effect of global warming and the decline of the average level of solar activity taking place in the current period.
To achieve this goal, there are considered the results of a retrospective analysis of changes in 1993–2019 concerning average daily values of the average thickness of the ice cover, its concentration, average temperature and salinity of the surface layer of the Arctic water areas, as well as air temperatures and meridional components of wind speed in various layers of the troposphere. The specified information has been obtained from the GLORYS, V12, NCEP / NCAR, and ERA - Interim electronic databases. The method of correlation analysis and statistical goodness-of-fit tests were used to assess the adequacy of the hypothesis under consideration.
Using the example of the Arctic waters located in the European, Siberian, Far Eastern and Pacific sectors of the Northern Hemisphere, the features of the mutual influence of changes in the state of their ice cover and meridional components of the atmospheric circulation in the summer season are revea