Научный архив: статьи

This study investigated the influence of concrete compressive strength on the reliability and the plastic resistance moment of steel-concrete composite beams. The objective was to evaluate the impact of concrete strength variations on structural performance, with a particular attention to the plastic resistance moment which is critical to the safety and compliance of the composite beam.

Methods: To model the nonlinear behavior of concrete, Abaqus created a three-dimensional numerical model including a concrete damage plasticity (CDP) model. Reliability analysis was performed, and the failure probability was assessed using Monte Carlo simulations (MCS) and first-order (FORM) and second-order (SORM) reliability methods. The limit state function was determined according to Eurocode 4 criteria considering the concrete compressive strength of 25 to 80 MPA.

Results: As a result, it was found that the compressive strength of concrete significantly affects the plastic resistance moment and the reliability index of the composite beam. The high strength of concrete improves the plastic resistance moment, and the reliability index varies depending on the geometric and material property of the composite section and loading conditions.

Conclusion: The compressive strength of concrete is an important parameter that determines the structural characteristics and safety of steel-concrete composite beams. This highlighted the need to consider the variability of concrete strength when designing and evaluating composite structures to ensure compliance with reliability standards.

Armenian polemical literature with Muslims from the early modern Ottoman context is very scarce. Unlike in Safavid Persia, public debates were not encouraged in the Ottoman Empire. Official polemical treatises from the Armenian milieu are lacking; little has survived in the historiographies, neo-martyrological accounts, and poetry about how Miaphysite (non-Chalcedonian) Apostolic Armenians positioned themselves within the cohabitation system of Ottoman society. Even less has survived in Armenian sources about popular Muslim religious practices. Therefore, a brief account of this matter provided by the 17th c. Armenian Constantinopolitan historiographer Eremia Kʻēōmiwrchean acquires great importance. The present article aims to explore the information provided by Eremia on popular Muslim religious practices, not only because it is a rare material preserved in the Armenian sources but, most importantly, because it reveals the topics of religious debates between Christians and Ottoman Muslims in everyday life.

We study quantum graphs with the Dirac operator on edges and the Kirchhoff coupling condition at the vertices. The number of resonances is determined numerically. It is revealed how the parameters of the quantum graph (particularly, the topological structure and the volume of the quantum graph as well as the parameters of the Dirac operator) affect the number of resonances.

Bu yil Xitoy Xalq Respublikasi tashkil etilganining 75 yilligi nishonlanmoqda. 75 yil davomida Kommunistik partiya rahbarligida Xitoy xalqi milliy mentalitetga mos ravishda rivojlanish yo‘lidan og‘ishmay, o‘ta qashshoqlikdan to‘liq farovonlikka erishish yo‘lini bosib o‘tdi. Xitoy oyoqqa turish, boy va qudratli bo‘lish uchun buyuk sakrashni amalga oshirdi va endi Xitoy modernizatsiyasi orqali kuchli davlat qurish va milliy tiklanish sari yangi bosqichga qarab bormoqda.

Informational privacy, often referred as data privacy or data protection, is about an individual’s right to control how their personal information is collected, used and shared. Recent AI developments around the world have engulfed the world in its charm. Indian population, as well, is living under the cyber-revolution. India is gradually becoming dependent on technology for majority of the services obtained in daily life. Use of internet and Internet of Things leave traces of digital footprints which generate big data. This data can be personal as well as non-personal in nature. Such data about individuals can be utilised for understanding the socio-economic profile, culture, lifestyle, and personal information, like love life, health, well-being, sexual preferences, sexual orientation and various other types of individual traits. Issues like data breach, however, have also exposed users of information and technology to various types of risks such as cyber-crimes and other fraudulent practices. This article critically analysis recently enacted Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 (DPDP) in the light of following questions: How it tackles with the issues of informational privacy and data processing? What measures have been envisaged under the DPDP Act, for the protection of informational privacy? How individual rights with respect to data protection are balanced against the legitimate state interest in ensuring safety and security of the nation? Whether this right is available only against the State or against the non-State actors as well? etc. Having critically analysed DPDP Act, the article calls for further refinement of DPDP Act in various areas, more specifically, suggesting that, it is imperative that DPDP Act requires critical decisions based on personal data to undergo human review, ensuring they are not solely the result of automated data processing.

The rapid growth of digital platforms and ecosystems has become a significant economic phenomenon on a global scale. This growth is due to the ability of these platforms to provide additional and flexible opportunities that are mutually beneficial for sellers, buyers, and platform workers. Because of it the activities of digital platforms have a positive impact on the overall gross domestic product of countries worldwide. The focus of the study is made on the regulatory frameworks for digital platforms both in Russia and around the world, including the rights and obligations of owners, operators, and users resulting from their participation in market transactions. The study does not include digital platforms used in the public sector or social media and messaging services. Scholar methods: comparative legal, formal logic, formal doctrinal, historical legal, as well as analytical, synthetic, and hermeneutical methods are systematically and integrally applied in the research. Based on the sources material, a hypothesis has been proposed regarding three stages of platform regulation growth globally and in Russia. Upon the results of an analysis of the three-stage evolutionary process of legal regulation for e-commerce, it has been found that there is commonly inconsistent impact of various branches of law on the different areas of social relations or different types of platforms. Among this inconsistency are legal gaps and conflicts of legal rules, which make benefits for stakeholders spontaneous rather than the result of systematic interaction within the regulatory framework. Authors of the article identify a major source of legal uncertainty: the absence of standardized terms and harmonized regulatory principles that account for the unique nature of cross-industry digital economy. Lessons from global jurisdictions and three stages of e-commerce regulation reveal that, in its latest phase, the platform economy necessitates system of tailored legal definitions to manage its multifaceted activities. The survey proposes such conceptual structures that may be employed in Russian legal system. They reflect the multidimensional nuances of civil, tax, competition, information, and administrative laws. Additionally, a balanced scheme of general principles has been developed that would ensure the transparent interaction of digital platforms with society, the state, and economic entities.

The article shows that the results of high-skilled weightlifters in special preparation exercises of high intensity have a high and statistically significant relationship with the competitive result. The main methods of application of training means in preparation of athletes for competitions are given. On the basis of a pedagogical experiment, it has been found that such special preparatory exercises as squats with a barbell on the shoulders and with a barbell on the chest, as well as deadlifts have the greatest importance for increasing the competitive result. Practical recommendations are formulated based on the results of the study.

Введение. Современный этап экономического развития характеризуется значительной степенью цифровизации и заметным креном стратегий корпоративного сектора в пользу устойчивого развития. Первая из этих тенденций делает IT-компании интересными объектами анализа, поскольку в эпоху цифровизации их влияние на мировую экономику существенно и бесспорно. Вторая тенденция во многом связана с исчерпанием материальных факторов конкурентной борьбы и смещением фокуса внимания в сторону нематериальных факторов конкуренции, в частности, в сторону обеспечения специфических потребностей потребителей, выражающихся в учете социальных и экологических факторов в процессе создания товара. В соответствии с современными тенденциями, удовлетворение этих потребностей достигается путем внедрения ESG-принципов, в том числе и компаниями IT-сектора, что представляет собой переплетение двух крупнейших современных тенденций – цифровизации и распространения принципов устойчивого развития на уровне компаний. В этом контексте целью исследования является изучение специфики IT-компаний с точки зрения взаимосвязи финансовых показателей компаний IT-сектора и их положения с позиции ESG.

Материалы и методы. Основу исследования составляет анализ корреляции данных финансовой отчетности компаний и их оценок в рамках ESG-рейтинга S&P.

Результаты исследования. По итогам анализа на основе представленной выборки данных значимой корреляции между показателями выручки и прибыли, с одной стороны, и ESG-оценками рейтинга S&P, с другой стороны, выявлено не было.

Обсуждение и заключение. Полученные результаты по компаниям отрасли IT-услуг в целом соответствуют результатам аналогичных расчетов авторов по ряду других отраслей. Разумеется, они отражают ситуацию в конкретной отрасли, по конкретным показателям (прибыль, выручка), с учетом таких ограничений исследования, как методология выбранного ESG-рейтинга и объем выборки данных. Тем не менее, в рамках проведенного исследования можно говорить об отсутствии значимой корреляции между финансовыми результатами деятельности компаний сферы IT-услуг и внедрением этими компаниями принципов ESG.

About 2,200 km3 of wastewater is discharged into the environment annually: municipal (including households), industrial and agricultural (including drainage water) – at the same time, as indicated in the UN World Report on the State of Water Resources for 2023. Over the past 40 years, global water use has been increasing by about 1 % per year and is expected to grow at this rate until 2050 as a result of the combined impact of factors, such as population growth, socio-economic development and climate change consumption patterns. With increasing consumption of water resources, the volume of their pollution increases, which creates serious environmental, economic and social problems. In this regard, the preservation of water and food security through sustainable management of water resources, universal quality provision of water supply and sanitation services are global problems all over the world and require an integrated approach involving government agencies, private business, academia and public organizations. The water supply and sewerage industry has an extremely important social character, as it directly affects the health of the population and the environment. This requires the use of new effective environmentally friendly technologies for cleaning blockages and improving the mechanical characteristics of sewer pipelines, which will significantly increase their service life and reduce repair costs. The conducted studies have proved the effectiveness of using small-sized ultrasonic devices with an ultrasonic generator with a power of 0.1–10 kW, a frequency of 20–40 kHz, and a magnetostrictive transducer.

We describe introduced in the journal the rubric system. We describe the general structure of an IMRAD research publication. The IMRAD structure for a research article is described in detail.

Stabilizing the Consumer Price Index (CPI) to protect the populace from the adverse effects of inflation necessitates appropriate measures at both political and economic governance levels. This study examines the impacts of imports (IM) and exports (EX) on inflation (CPI) in Afghanistan using data from 1990 to 2023. The findings from the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model indicate that both IM and EX significantly impact CPI in the short and long term. A robustness check employing the Kernel-based Regularized Least Squares (KRLS) machine learning technique further validates these results. The analysis confirms that international trade has a substantial and positive effect on CPI. Additionally, in the context of Afghanistan, political instability acts as a positive moderator, amplifying the influence of imports and exports on inflation. The study concludes that the country requires a reevaluation of its policies regarding exchange rates and economic growth to mitigate the negative effects of imports, exports, and political volatility on the stability of the CPI.

Relevance. External shocks can disrupt stable industrial development and technological modernization, especially in open single-industry regions that are highly vulnerable to global market fluctuations. The dominance of a single sector results in structural inertia, making it difficult for these regions to shift their economic trajectory. This path dependence amplifies the risks posed by economic turbulence, highlighting the need for changes in the economic structure and strategic guidelines for regional industrial policies. Objective. This study aims to describe the current, strategic, and future development paths for single-industry regions amid economic turbulence. It focuses on changes in the industrial profiles of metallurgical regions in Russia, including Lipetsk, Vologda, Murmansk, Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk, and Krasnoyarsk. Data and methods. The research uses publicly available statistics from 2008 to 2021, grounded in regional development theory. Methodologically, the study relies on coefficient analysis, positional-dynamic analysis, and assessment of technological connections between sectors. Results. The study has detected significant differences in regional adaptation: Lipetsk and Chelyabinsk are shifting towards low-tech sectors, Sverdlovsk maintains its metallurgical focus, Vologda is balancing metallurgy and a medium-high-tech chemical industry, while Murmansk and Krasnoyarsk are transforming with a focus on low-tech mineral extraction. Promising specializations include machine engineering in Sverdlovsk and Vologda, as well as machine engineering and electrical equipment production in Lipetsk and Chelyabinsk. However, we found discrepancies between the declared strategic goals and actual priorities in Lipetsk and Chelyabinsk. Conclusions. The findings offer valuable insights for policymakers and authorities, helping to update strategies for fostering the growth of promising industrial sectors.