Научный архив: статьи

A comparative analysis of the chapter titles and text of the first book of the late antique military treatise Strategikon allows to put forward the hypothesis that its text was constituted in several stages. Of particular importance here are the wording of the titles and the peculiar beginnings or introductions to most of the chapters, which summarise the content of the preceding sections. A comparison of the passages clearly shows the sequence of formation within each chapter. We should assume at least 5 consecutive phases of text development: author and 4 editors. At first (phase 1a–1b), on the basis of the extant sources, the author of the book created as part of the treatise a text in four sections, organised by the beginnings according to the scheme of genetivus absolutus (primary chapters *1, *2 + 3, *4, *5 + 9). Then another editor (Leg, phase 2) inserted into this codex in the middle of the text *5 + 9 two bifolia with the text of military laws organised by μετὰ-constructions (*6 + 7, *8), resulting in the actual division of the text *5 + 9 into two sections *5 and 9. The next editor (phases 3a–3b) then rewrote the entire text into a new codex, providing it with headings (following the πῶς… scheme), what consolidated the division of the text into seven chapters (1, 2 + 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 + 8, 9), but he could not, however, fully understand the system of incipits of the original text. The new editor (Optim) made a series of additions in the form of glosses and inserted leaves (phase 4). The main development of the text was completed in the next phase (5a–5b–5c), when two new headings (3 and 8), structured in a different scheme (περὶ…), an introduction to chapter 8, and a general table of contents for Book 1 were inserted into this codex. The text was then rewritten into a new, third codex, which fixed the position of interpolations in the text.

A large group of adjectives in Apicius’ De re coquinaria is formed with the suffix -atus. Although they contain a suffix which is typical of the perfect participle, their base is not verbal, but nominal: this is their peculiarity. They are all adjectives referring to food; their meaning is possessing “the quality/condition expressed by the base-noun” (e. g. Apic. 8. 7. 14 liquamen piperatum). Many of them are Apicius’ creations and attested only in his cooking book (e. g. allecatum, coriandratus, syringiatus); a great number of them have a Greek origin. This paper proposes not only a semantic analysis of denominal adjectives with the suffix -atus, but also a comparison with adjectives ending in -osus, which have the meaning “full of ”. The formations in -atus of De re coquinaria are also examined according to the qualia theory, the principles of which are clearly recognisable in these adjectives. Apicius’ denominal adjectives in -atus can be compared to suffixed adjectives in some modern languages (Italian -ato, Spanish -ado, French -é), which express the concept of possession of a quality, and which derive from a noun, not from a verb, although they are formally identical to past participle, as it happens in Latin

The article deals with the genesis, semantics, and functions of the dragon image in Japanese culture. The relevance of the study is due to the increased attention of researchers to the basic values of local cultures, issues of symbolism, inextricably linked to the problems of national self-identification. The methodological basis of the study is the structural-semiotic approach, which was used to analyze the value content of the dragon image, the descriptive-analytical method, and the method of cognitive interpretation of the semantics of linguistic means verbalizing the dragon image in the Japanese language. In contrast to the Western tradition, in the culture of the peoples of East Asia, a dragon is a revered and significant symbol of power, strength, and authority. Stories about dragons are found in ancient texts of both Hinduism and Buddhism. It is established that the formation and evolution of the dragon cult in Japan was influenced by the mythical Chinese dragons, Indian Naga snakes, and the belief in dragons as deities of the water element. The author examines the genesis and evolution of the dragon image in different historical epochs, the influence of cultural-historical, natural, and religious factors on its transformation. It is shown that, in medieval Japan, the dragon was considered the protector of Buddhism, personifying strength, wisdom, prosperity, good luck, and images of these mythical creatures became an organic element of Buddhist culture. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the image of the dragon as a sign of the Chinese zodiacal calendar, the representations of dragons in Japanese mythology, fairy tales and legends, in Hitachi Fudoki, Kojiki, Nihon Shoki. In the mythological picture of the world of the Japanese, the dragon is ambivalent and has both positive and negative features. It is revealed that the image of the dragon occupies an important place in Japanese traditional culture, painting, architecture, arts and crafts, calendar holidays, is widely represented in proverbs and sayings, set phrases and idioms. The reference to Japanese phraseology allowed to expand the base of the study and to reveal the totality of ideas about the dragon in the worldview of native speakers of the Japanese language. The author concludes that, nowadays, the image of the dragon in Japan has lost its sacral significance and is mainly used as tribute to tradition

The phenomenon of “Japanese Dostoevsky” is the subject of active discussions in literary studies all over the world. One of the central issues discussed is the problem of the textual images in the works of F. M. Dostoevsky. The use of digital humanities’ technologies, the methods of corpus and computational linguistics makes it possible to formalize literary analysis’ tasks to state the texts’ problems in the language of algorithms. In this article the mechanisms of the transformation of textual images in Dostoevsky works in the Japanese representation will be considered. Different linguistic means are used to analyze the perception of the concept “love” as love-affection or love-passion, and concept “strange” as human essential or social characteristic in Russian and Japanese. Such analysis will help also to highlight the peculiarities of the “new translation school” that adheres to the strategy of domestication, making the foreign text more readable

The article investigates a case of color usage in Revelation 6:8 and various ways it has been translated into Danish. The Greek χλωρός used to describe the horse under the fourth Horseman of the Apocalypse is polysemic and thus rather difficult to interpret, which resulted in numerous variations among translators. The image of Death on a pale horse has become part of the Western cultural heritage, although linguists have argued if this equivalent is indeed accurate in terms of color meaning comprised within the original lexeme. Fourteen translations, from medieval to modern, allowed to scrutinize some particular features of rendering this intricate color term in Danish, rising the main question of the study: why do so many Danish translations opt for the chromatic meaning of yellow in the given passage? In order to answer that, firstly, all of the translations were examined from the point of view of the time they were made, the primary source that the works were based upon and the special characteristics of chosen equivalents of χλωρός. Secondly, a few external sources were introduced in order to put the issue in a broader linguacultural context, such as the language, color symbolism and early Danish church art. This approach has helped to determine possible reasons for Death’s horse turning yellow, like the influence of German, deadly connotations of the Danish color term gul ‘yellow’ when referring to paleness and the bad symbolic reputation of color yellow itself.

Letters from Russia by Robert Watt, published in Denmark in 1867, were born as a result of the Danish writer’s trip to Russia to cover Princess Dagmar of Denmark’s arrival in Russia and wedding with Grand Duke Alexander Alexandrovich in 1866. Robert Watt was a journalist, a writer, a translator, and the artistic director of Tivoli Gardens amusement park from 1866 to his death in 1894. Letters from Russia contains seventeen chapters, in which the writer describes his impressions of his trip to Russia, from the moment he said farewell to Denmark standing on the deck of “Mermaid” frigate, which was raising sails heading to Kronstadt, to the ceremonial reception of the Danish Princess. Road diaries of those who travelled across Russia have always been an important source of information about the country and the epoch, and Robert Watt’s book is no exception. Watt’s book is partly a guidebook — he describes all places of interest in Moscow and St Petersburg, but he also ponders on specific features of life in Russia and the national character. Most of his characteristics are highly positive, he doesn’t pay much attention to unsightly sides of life. The observer’s assessment depends on their personality, previous experience, the recipient (in this case the book was aimed at the Danish reader), and the political situation. We could assume that as the writer was sent to Russia to cover Princess Dagmar of Denmark’s wedding he did not intend to pay attention to the ugly sides of the Russian life. Nevertheless, Robert Watt’s book, unknown to a wide audience in Denmark and Russia, is an important cultural monument which supplements the history of relations between Denmark and Russia

The article deals with K. Hamsun’s novel Victoria (1898). The author offers an overview of various researchers’ approaches to the work and points out that most literary scholars analyzed this story from the point of view of social roles and psychology of the characters. It is further argued that a productive method of research can be to analyze the genre similarities of the novel with medieval Scandinavian ballads, with the author relying on Hamsun’s own assertion that Victoria is nothing but a lyric. The article point at the features of the composition and plot of the story, which are also characteristic of the ballad genre, in particular, its episodic structure and hyperbolized dramatic quality of the plot. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the prose poem Labyrinths of Love, according to the plot written by the protagonist Johannes. The author of the article points out the intertextual connections in the poem with the Bible and medieval ballads, emphasizing that these connections have the character of dialogue. It is further argued that Labyrinths of Love plays an important role in the development of the plot, providing a smooth transition between the episodes of the story and affirming the main idea of the work about love as a powerful force that plays with people’s lives. The tragedy of the protagonists is not a consequence of their social inequality or inner discord, but is predetermined by fate. Due to the dialog with biblical texts and medieval ballads, the seemingly “banal” story of Johannes and Victoria acquires a timeless, universal character, and they become one of the long row of “eternal lovers” such as Hagbard and Signe, Tristan and Isolde, Romeo and Juliet

Dit artikel richt zich op de mogelijkheden van het spraakcorpus Corpus Gesproken Nederlands (CGN) als hulpmiddel voor het onderzoek naar de sociale taalvariatie in het Nederlands. Het CGN, dat in de vorm van een webapplicatie beschikbaar is, omvat ongeveer duizend uur spraakopnames van sprekers uit Nederland en Vlaanderen, met een totaal van circa tien miljoen taalelementen, ook wel bekend als tokens (waaronder woordvormen, leestekens, aanduidingen van non-verbale uitingen en onverstaanbare spraak). Het corpus beschikt over een orthografische transcriptie en een fonetische transcriptie van de teksten, evenals annotaties — zowel linguïstische (morfologische) als extralinguïstische (informatie over de opgenomen fragmenten en de sprekers). Ondanks de aanzienlijke hoeveelheid taalmateriaal en de mogelijkheid om gebruik te maken van een reeks parameters, zoals sociale (leeftijd, geslacht, opleidingsniveau, sociale rol) en situationele (het CGN is onderverdeeld in veertien categorieën, die elk overeenkomen met een specifieke communicatieve situatie) parameters, zijn er fouten en onvolkomenheden in de morfologische en extralinguïstische annotatie. Ten eerste hebben we geconcludeerd dat niet alle linguïstische (morfologische) data van het CGN handmatig werden geverifieerd na de automatische verwerking, wat de onderzoeker dwingt de zoekresultaten extra te controleren. Ten tweede zijn de fragmenten waarin twee of meer sprekers voorkomen, voorzien van informatie alleen over één spreker, wat leidt tot onbetrouwbare resultaten met betrekking tot de verdeling van taalelementen over bepaalde sociale parameters, evenals tot de noodzaak om ons te beperken tot fragmenten die alleen monologische en, wat nog belangrijker is voor een dergelijk onderzoek, spontane spraak bevatten

В статье поднимается извечный вопрос: может ли документальное кино сегодня оставаться документальным, если реальность больше не одна, а расколота на множество правд? Постправда, постистина, метамодерн - всё это ставит под сомнение саму природу doc-произведения. Даже братья Люмьер снимали постановки под видом хроники. Современный документальный проект уже не тот, что был вчера. Он живёт здесь и сейчас - в ответ на вызовы цифровой эпохи. Сегодня doc вбирает в себя реконструкции, анимацию, виртуальную реальность, ИИ и интерактивность. Это не предательство достоверности, а эволюция языка: родовой признак - связь с подлинными событиями - остаётся, даже если автор выбирает театрализацию или VR-докудраму. На основе аналитического отбора фестивальных и образовательных кейсов (в том числе из курса «Экранный документ в пространстве современных аудиовизуальных искусств») выявлены ключевые тенденции: гибридизация жанров, иммерсивность, персонализация повествования и технологическая смелость. От«Вальса с Баширом» до VR-проекта «Бабушка» - документалисты всё чаще говорят с аудиторией на языке игр, соцсетей и нейросетей. Главное - сохранить исходный код документа: не искажать факт, даже если его подаёшь через анимацию или deepfake. Иначе doc рискует превратиться не в медиасреду, а в симулякр. Технологии больше не украшение - они становятся языком, на котором новое поколение режиссёров говорит о войне, травме, экологии и памяти. Но остаётся открытый вопрос: где проходит грань между смелой интерпретацией и манипуляцией? На него, возможно, ответит не теория, а время.

Silicene, as a silicon analogue of graphene, has attracted increasing attention due to its combination of physical and chemical properties, making it a relevant material for flexible electronics and nanotechnology. In this study, molecular dynamics simulations were used to study the effect of dislocation dipoles on the deformation behavior and mechanical properties of silicene under uniaxial tension. The wrinkle formation during tension was analyzed. Dislocation dipoles with different arm lengths were considered. A comparative analysis with graphene, the benchmark two-dimensional material, was also performed. The results showed that the strength of silicene smoothly decreases with increasing defect size. In contrast, graphene exhibits a sharp drop in strength when a critical defect size is reached; thereafter, further increases in the defect size have little effect on its mechanical properties. At the same time, the fracture strain of both materials depends only weakly on defects due to their ability to form wrinkles, which redistribute stress throughout the structure. The simulation results revealed differences in the wrinkle morphology of graphene and silicene, which are determined by their atomic structures. The planar structure of graphene forms uniform one-dimensional ripples, whereas the buckled structure of silicene leads to the formation of inhomogeneous wrinklons. Unlike graphene, with transition from a flat to a wrinkled state and from a wrinkled to a flat state again during deformation, the wrinkles in silicene persist until failure. These results are important for studying the strength and defect influence in two-dimensional materials, as well as for assessing their potential applications in flexible electronics.

In conditions when cities become centres of attraction for resources and people, while experiencing significant problems of environmental, social, economic nature, it is extremely important to form new approaches to urbanised territories development. The article aims to design a mechanism for managing the development of smart cities using a regional approach. Methodologically, the research rests on the theory of the digital society and the propositions of urbanised territories’ public management. The methods include the system-logical method, graphical modelling, and qualitative analysis. The paper propounds a mechanism for smart city public management and proposes its interpretation as a set of measures, actions of management structures, society and business for resource provisioning, as well as technologies for managing the processes of formation and development of a smart city. The main functions of this mechanism include creating conditions for the interaction of ecosystem participants, stable functioning of governing bodies, transparency of management processes, as well as ensuring feedback. The article constructs a graphical model of the mechanism of urbanised territories’ public management under digitalisation. Based on the theoretical developments the paper structures the experience of the Sverdlovsk and Chelyabinsk oblast and concludes that despite quite an extensive list of the smart city initiatives, their implementation largely overlooks such aspects as determining the state and development directions of the digitalisation objects, assessing the risks of smart city projects, maintaining quality of implementation processes, and auditing smart city projects. The findings can contribute to planning the smart cities development at the regional level

Entrepreneurial knowledge and intention focus on understanding an individual’s interest in and abilities towards entrepreneurial activities. Another issue is the impact of cultural differences on entrepreneurial intention. The purpose of the study is to reveal the impact of entrepreneurship knowledge on entrepreneurial intention of international students receiving higher education in Turkey. We also examine whether there are differences in entrepreneurial knowledge and entrepreneurial intention according to gender, department, having an entrepreneurial business idea, receiving entrepreneurship education or not and monthly expenditure amount. The methodological basis of the study resides in the concept of entrepreneurial knowledge and planned behaviour theory. Among the research methods are frequency and regression analyses, parametric tests, convenience sampling method. A total of 380 students enrolled in 20 public and 5 private universities in Turkey in the 2021–2022 academic year participated in the survey and completed the questionnaire. Participants were reached through electronic and social media environments or face-to-face communication. The research results reveal that there are statistically significant differences between entrepreneurial knowledge and intention with educational status, entrepreneurial idea, department of study and the amount of monthly expenses. Furthermore, regression analysis showed that entrepreneurial knowledge and entrepreneurship education have a significant positive effect on students’ entrepreneurial intentions. The findings of this study provide valuable guidance for policymakers and curriculum preparers to understand international students’ entrepreneurial intentions and promote entrepreneurial intentions in universities