Научный архив: статьи

Allocation of operations to work centers is a key management task in modern production systems. Its relevance stems from the need to optimize the use of limited resources to achieve high efficiency and productivity. However, the problem is complicated by the combinatorial complexity associated with the discrete nature of operations and the need to consider multiple factors, including resource constraints, time constraints, and process requirements. This requires specialized approaches to find efficient solutions. This paper is devoted to analyzing such approaches. The paper considers actual problems of optimization of operations distribution to work centers in modern production systems. Particular attention is paid to the problems of minimizing variable costs associated with the changeover of equipment and increasing the overall efficiency of production processes. The paper considers the limitations of classical optimization methods such as linear programming, a review of modern approaches, including combinatorial algorithms, methods of the theory of schedules. Special attention is paid to heuristic algorithms, such as genetic algorithms, simulated annealing, and ant algorithms, which allow us to find acceptable solutions in a short time. The paper also discusses the key factors affecting the scheduling, such as resource constraints, time constraints, and technological requirements. Considering the conditions of the production problem posed in the paper problem and based on analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of existing methods of its solution, as an alternative it is proposed and substantiated the use of multi-agent approach with the application of heuristic algorithms for the distribution of work operations at production enterprises.

Открытость международному общению, как в сфере образования, так и в научной деятельности требует от преподавателей высшей школы хорошего знания английского языка. В статье рассматривается опыт Южно-Уральского государственного университета. Сотрудники вуза имели возможность обучаться на курсах Лингва, организованных руководством вуза. Образовательная траектория включала в себя обучение общему английскому с уровня A1 до уровня С1. Так же сотрудники проходили курс EMI, направленный на развитие методических и педагогических навыков с учетом международного опыта преподавания на английском языке. В статье рассматривается возможность обучения и вероятность освоения слушателями уровня C2 на примере одной группы слушателей. Результаты показывают, что слушатели вполне могут освоить уровень C2, при условии, что выбрана правильная траектория и освоены предшествующие уровни

Современные требования к уровню квалификации преподавателя вуза продиктованы высокими требованиями к качеству современного образования. Подготовка выпускников вузов напрямую зависит от уровня компетентности профессорскопреподавательского состава. К преподавателю, обучающему морских специалистов, предъявляются особые требования, связанные прежде всего с безопасностью мореплавания. Целью данной работы является определение профессиональной компетентности преподавателя морского вуза в современных условиях. В исследовании приведены результаты пилотного исследования, в котором участвовали преподаватели профессионально ориентированного (морского) английского языка крупных морских вузов России. Теоретический анализ, опрос, анкетирование, интервью вошли в основные методы исследования. С их помощью авторам удалось определить структуру профессиональной компетентности преподавателя морского вуза, в которую вошли: предметно-языковая, педагогическая, мотивационная, коммуникативная, аксиологическая, научно-исследовательская, организационноисследовательская компетенции, а также выделить основополагающие и наименее важные компетенции с точки зрения преподавателей. По мнению респондентов, для преподавателя профессионально ориентированного (морского) английского языка, наиболее важно владение предметом, профессиональной областью применения английского языка также, как и обладать необходимыми навыками, приёмами, инструментами и современными подходами в области методики преподавания языка. В меньшей степени преподаватели считают нужным заниматься научно-исследовательской (публикационной) деятельностью, хотя считают ее необходимым элементом профессионального профиля современного преподавателя

One of the most important features of the documents from the Shōsōin treasury is the opportunity for researchers not only to study the events, institutions, and sources of the Nara era, but also to see the Japanese 8 th century “with a human face.” Among the documents, there is a lot of material that talks about the everyday life and service of the sovereign’s subjects. This is of special interest for the author of the article, who aims to see a person who lived in ancient Japan. To create a basis for future research, the author conducts a source study of the Shōsōin documents as a preparatory stage for their study. The objectives of the article are to discuss where and why the Shōsōin documents were created; find out how they were placed into the treasury and how they were stored in it; give their classification, describe the types of documents; find out what happened to them after the conservation of the Shōsōin at the end of the 8th century, how the documents were rediscovered in the Edo period, how and why they were studied in the 19 th and 20 th centuries; talk about the scholars who were involved in their research, and about the modern study of the Shōsōin documents

This paper aims at critically observing the alternating concatenation of seasonally inspired numbers and Japanese legends from time immemorial in the show Sekkashō (「雪華抄」, Snowflake Anthology), staged by the Japanese all-female musical company Takarazuka Revue’s Flower Troupe in late 2016. The goal is to disclose some of the strategies employed by Takarazuka Revue’s administrators in pursuing a necessary agenda of breaking with the tradition while steadily moving forward towards a future of self-reinvention, without disappointing the deeply conservative fans’ vast community. The analysis occurs both historically and systematically: on the one hand, the year 2016 was a “bridge” year between 2015, with its two major reconfigurations of the decadelong image of Takarazuka Revue as a bastion of shōjo culture firmly anchored in a delusional past and its stubborn rejection of common sense as well as historical reality, and 2017, with its blatant reconfiguration of soft power priorities in terms of theatrical representation; on the other hand, Sekkashō itself is a symbolical gem of Takarazuka Revue’s most typical features, signifying an effective yet dignified statement of not so much criticizing the past, but releasing oneself from its almighty grasp so that one can change the direction of the present towards a type of future different than the familiar flows of history so far

The article presents an overview of the collective monograph “Japanese Culture in the West” ed. by Katasonova, E. L. and Dolin, A. A (Moscow: Institute of Oriental Studies of RAS, 2024. 544 p. ISBN: 978-5-907846-81-4). The monograph, for the ¿rst time in the history of Russian Oriental studies, presents a comprehensive interdisciplinary analysis of the spread and inÀuence of Japanese culture on the countries of Europe and America in the 19th – 21st centuries. The reviewer notes that analyzing the experience of “exporting Japanese culture” makes it possible to develop a methodology for transcultural processes, broaden the concepts of cultural authenticity and identity, and propose an alternative to binary models of cultural interaction

The article presents a comparative study of the sanctions policy of Japan and the Republic of Korea towards Russia after February 2022 and the assessment of the impact of their sanctions on the development of RussianJapanese and Russian-South Korean cooperation in the Russian Far East. Based on the results of the study of the economic ties of Russia, Japan, and South Korea (in the areas of trade, investment, ¿nance, tourism, and transport) and their interaction in the educational and cultural-humanitarian spheres under sanctions restrictions, the authors come to the conclusion that the sanctions policy of Japan and South Korea towards Russia has a common basis due to their belonging to the “collective West,” and the anti-Russian measures they take are aimed at weakening the industrial and technological potential of the Russian Federation. At the same time, like most of their Western partners, Japan and South Korea are not ready to impose such sanctions that could cause signi¿cant damage to their own economic and strategic interests. There are important diɣerences in the sanctions approaches of Japan and South Korea – Japan pursues a much tougher policy towards Russia, not only limiting exports to Russia, but also imposing a ban on imports of a number of goods from Russia. South Korea is much more willing to maintain ties with Russia and its Far Eastern territories, despite the unfavorable political situation, which is expressed, in particular, in the ongoing oɤcial contacts between Primorsky Krai and Vladivostok and a number of provinces and municipalities of the Republic of Korea. The authors suggest that ties between the Russian Far East and South Korea can be quickly restored once the situation around Ukraine is resolved, while the prospects for restoring relations with Japan look much less certain

In Japan, there are many regional legends and traditions associated with water, ¿sh, and fantastic creatures inhabiting the sea. These legends go back many centuries; the ¿rst mentions of large ¿sh are found already in the ¿rst Japanese poetic anthology Man’yōshū (8th century) and in the mythological and chronicle text Nihon Shoki (720). In diɣerent provinces, legends and traditions vary, some motifs are interpreted diɣerently by folklorists, however. Evidently, we can talk about a single body of related texts, united not only by plots where the main characters are whales, dolphins, etc., but also by accompanying actions: matsuri festivals in honor of ¿sh and ¿shing, ritual performance of magical texts, dancing, songs, cooking, making amulets, etc. The symbolism that unites the theme of ¿sh and ¿shing in Chinese and Japanese culture is also obvious: wealth and prosperity, which is reÀected not only in written monuments, but also in works of art. Whales, for example, are associated with numerous legends, traditions, and mythological motifs of local signi¿cance, ideas about these mammals as deities of the sea, to whom Shinto shrines are dedicated. Images of ¿sh were part of oɣerings to the bride’s family due to the auspicious meaning of the item. It is noteworthy that the legends about the sea included famous literary and legendary characters and episodes from famous works of Japanese history and literature, such as Kojiki, Nihon Shoki, Man’yōshū, Heike Monogatari

The importance of a new translation of Karen Blixen’s The African Farm is based on two factors: the book has never been translated from Danish (although the Danish version differs from the English version), and existing translations of the English version contain a number of inaccuracies. Karen Blixen’s book The African Farm was published in English in the UK in 1937 under the title Out of Africa. In the same year, Karen Blixen published the Danish text of the book under the title Den afrikanske farm. This book is not the only example of Karen Blixen’s own translations from English into Danish, as she also translated some of her short stories after their first publication in English. It is still a controversial issue whether her translations may be considered “copies” of the original works or they should be regarded as recreations in Danish. This article presents a comparative analysis of the English and the Danish texts of The African Farm which confirms that we are talking about two different versions of the work, since while creating the Danish text, Karen Blixen used several transformations: transpositions, substitutions, additions and omissions. The notion of “transformation” in this article implies a very wide range of modifications. The author makes significant changes to the original text. The result is a new text with quite a number of differences from English; the text that awaits translation from Danish. Out of Africa has been translated from English into Russian twice. The translations by experienced translators make a significant contribution to the history of literary contacts between Denmark and Russia; however, they contain a number of errors due to misunderstanding of Danish and African realities, as well as disregard for the specific situation. Translation of the Danish version of The African Farm is necessary not only because the Danish version has never been translated into Russian, but also because it would allow for the explication of some themes important for Karen Blixen that were “lost” in the translations from English. The present study does not presuppose consideration of literary aspects. It involves only differences between the Danish and the English versions of the novel, as well as the analysis of existing translations from English

In dit artikel worden vijf tekeningen van de Nederlandse schilder Pieter Quast (c. 1606–1647) uit de collectie van het State Hermitage Museum beschreven. De bladen zijn nooit eerder gepubliceerd. Ze zijn uitgevoerd in de voor de kunstenaar kenmerkende techniek: met zwart krijt op perkament. Sommige bladen zijn gesigneerd en gedateerd. Ze stammen uit drie verschillende verzamelingen. Vier van de tekeningen kwamen al in de 18 e eeuw in het bezit van het museum en één werd pas in 1972 aangekocht. Het gevarieerde oeuvre van de grotendeelsonbekende kunstenaar is in museale en particuliere collecties vooral vertegenwoordigd door grafisch materiaal, waaronder talrijke tekeningen. De voorkeur van de meester voor tekenen lijkt ook te zijn aangewakkerd door zijn slechte financiële situatie. Over de biografie van Quast is slechts weinig bekend enuit gepubliceerd archiefmateriaal wordt zijn complexe loopbaanduidelijk. Een studie van zijn werken uit de collectie van de Hermitagebevestigtdat hij de maker is en ze geeft aanleiding tot speculatie over de onderwerpen. De thema’s die hij kiest zijn onlosmakelijk verbonden met de picturale traditie. Hij is geïnteresseerd in 16 e eeuwse schilders, in het bijzonder Pieter Bruegel de Oude. Maar hij wendt zich ook tot het werk van zijn tijdgenoten als Adriaen Brouwer, Adriaen van Ostade en anderen. Een belangrijke inspiratiebron voor hem waren theatervoorstellingen: zowel bijbelse iconografie als volkse komische schetsen. In dit artikel worden zijn tekeningen zowel qua iconografie als qua formele en stilistische methodologie geanalyseerd. Er wordt een vergelijkende analyse toegepast, de tekeningen worden vergeleken met andere, beroemde werken van de kunstenaar

The article focuses on the concept of time in human and global perspective in the poetry of two Swedish authors of the 19th century: Per Atterbom and Viktor Rydberg. These two poets belong to different branches of the Romantic movement. Atterbom represents the early mystic Romanticism and he is one of the first Romantic authors in Sweden. Rydberg is a post-Romantic poet: his poetic works contain features that are characteristic of the literature of Romanticism, but they were written in the last decades of the century. The theme of the power of time is one of the most important for both authors, it determines characters of lyrical heroes and poetics in many of their poems but in different ways. Atterbom represents the destructive power of time. Thus, the main characters of his fairy tale play “The Isle of Bliss”, Hyperborean king Astolf and nymph Felicia, live on a magical island and aspire to escape from Time, but Time overcomes them. Atterbom shows in his poetry that time hasn’t its limits in the world beyond. Rydberg represents the characters who try to apprehend the rules of time. The immortal mythological creatures in his poems (the Tomten, the elf of a river) cannot explain why time has such an influence on man and mankind. This theme corresponds with a philosophical matter of the meaning of human life. The humans in Rydberg’s lyrics do not try to overcome time as they perceive the nature and its rules throw their senses.

Language interaction has always been a matter of interest to linguists. Despite the fact of profound influence of Latin on many languages in many sciences, including medicine, the question concerning the borrowings of anatomical vocabulary, namely somatisms, or body parts, from Latin in Norwegian and its influence on the Norwegian anatomical terminology is of particular interest. The study focuses on the influence of Latin on the names of different body parts in Norwegian, thereby revealing some peculiarities of somatisms in the Norwegian language. Taking into account the historical background and cross-cultural interaction, some groups of somatisms have been distinguished. The most abundant group includes single word somatisms and compounds that do not have their norwegianized Latin form. The second group consists of the Norwegian somatisms, which have identical or nearly identical morphemic form with somatisms in Latin, incorporating single word somatisms as well as some compounds where one or even two parts are norwegianized Latin forms with some semantic peculiarities. We have also singled out the anatomical terms that have a norwegianized Latin form and a parallel native form. Mostly the borrowings in this group underwent orthographic changes adapting them to the Norwegian language. The results show that on the whole the Norwegian language preserves its identity, uniqueness and selective modifying purism in anatomical vocabulary, with some instances of being dependent on Latin