Научный архив: статьи

The development of any language has always been the focus of close attention and thorough study in linguistics, especially at different historical stages. The Norwegian language is a good example to trace the development of anatomical terminology based on its historical stages, including Norwegian somatisms as well as those from other languages, mainly Latin and Greek, including the word-forming elements. Starting with Ancient Scandinavian through the period of Christianity, the Hanseatic League and further on, several structural models have been identified and distinguished. Each period is associated with adoption and adaptation (assimilation) of somatisms. The first group includes one-word somatisms of Germanic origin, one-word non-assimilated and assimilated somatisms of Latin or Greek origin. The second and the largest group consists of two-word somatisms formed by compounding according to different models based on different parts of speech (noun, adjective, numeral, and verb) and the word-forming elements. Each element in a collocation is represented by either a norwegianized Latin or a native part. Three-word somatisms are not so numerous in anatomical terminology. Despite its seeming simplicity, compounding is an interesting phenomenon for studying due to many patterns of combining words in the formation of somatisms. Concerning compounding special remarks are made, taking into account combinatory flexibility and plasticity of the Norwegian language, which makes it possible to enrich its anatomical vocabulary at low cost and to use its own language capacity and resources for developing this language segment

The article is devoted to identifying of general patterns and distinctive features in the structure, meaning and evaluation of stable verbal complexes of comparative semantics of the Swedish and Russian languages with a component-demonym. Stable verbal complexes of comparative semantics with a demonic component are present in both the Swedish and Russian languages. There is a significant quantitative disproportion between stable comparisons and paremias of comparative semantics of both languages, but in the Swedish language in favor of proverbs, and in Russian — in favor of stable comparisons. It can be assumed that the names of evil spirits are more taboo in Swedish stable comparisons, and also comparative phraseological units in general were less subject to lexicographic fixation. The studied proverbs of the Swedish and Russian languages are quantitatively comparable. Structurally, the similarity of the proverbs of the two languages is manifested in the presence of such models as sentences with opposition introduced by adversative conjunctions, and sentences with the presence of a component in the comparative degree. But the analyzed Swedish proverbs are characterized by such models as sentences with adjacent components, identity sentences and sentences built according to the syntactic model “better… than…”, which are absent in the studied material of the Russian language. In turn, in the analyzed Russian proverbs one can note models that are absent in Swedish ones: sentences built on the principle of syntactic parallelism and collapsed comparison

Lyrical prose has become widespread in the literature of Finland, as in the literatures of other Northern European countries. However, the genre definition of short lyrical prose remains one of the problematic issues of literary criticism. Researchers have already identified works belonging to lyrical prose in the works of Zacharias Topelius (Jr.). The article examines prose works by Finnish writers in Finnish and Swedish. Lyrical prose was characteristic of the works of both realists and modernists and postmodernists. Already at the turn of the 19 th and 20 th centuries, experimental works appeared in the form of aphorisms, instructions, and miniatures. The article focuses on short lyrical prose. Its features in Finnish literature are examined using the example of works of Johannes Linnankoski “Small Catechism”, Juhani Aho “Shavings”, Väinö Kirstinä “House in the Country”, Risto Ahti “What is Happening”, Juha Seppälä “Super Market”. Elmer Diktonius in his work Onnela talks about the fate of his native country. The method of this narration varies, but the common problem is the genre definition: a story, a short story, a novella, a poem in prose. Despite the common features: brevity, plot limitation to one line of narration, the question of genre affiliation of Finnish lyrical prose remains debatable

Using the methodology of the “Hoffmann complex” the article investigates the influence of the romantic tradition on Danish prose of the second half of the 20th century using the example of E. T. A. Hoffmann’s works and V. Sørensen’s short story “A Tale of Glass”. It is claimed that the work reveals a layer of Hoffmann’s intertext from the short stories “The Sandman” and “Little Zaches”. The concept of the “Sandman complex” is introduced, which is a stable interweaving of problems, motifs and images characteristic of the Hoffmann novel by the same name, namely: optical symbolism (eyes, glass, spectacles), the principle of doubleness (“party of glasses” — “party against glasses”) and the problem of duality (Gert — the leader of the revolution, the brothers-opticians), the motive of blindness, the deconstruction of the features of a romantic hero, the motive of choosing between a “false” and a “true” beloved, the problem of spiritual death of man and the mechanization of society (elements from the short story “Little Zaches”), as well as the image system (Coppelius, Coppola, Olympia, Clara, Nathaniel) from the novel by E. T. A. Hoffman. The transformation of the “Sandman complex” in the short story by Sørensen is analyzed. The authors conclude that in the “Story with Glass” elements of Hoffmann’s poetics are refracted in order to reflect the beginnings of socio-political and philosophical conflicts (materialism and idealism) of the 20th century, which originated in the confrontation of philistine (everyday) and romantic worldviews

The paper reveals the structure formation and magnetic properties of amorphous alloys based on the Fe-Co-Cr-B system with varying proportions of Fe to Co. These materials were obtained in the form of metal ribbons through the melt spinning technique in an inert atmosphere. In the initial as-spun state, the ribbons exhibited an amorphous structure characterized by their ferromagnetic properties. As the content of cobalt in the alloy composition decreased, the thermal stability of the amorphous phase matrix increased, leading to a shift in the crystallization mechanism from primary crystallization of the α solid solution phase to eutectic type crystallization of the initial amorphous phase. The phase composition of alloys during crystallization of the amorphous matrix phase is investigated. Alloys with a reduced cobalt content during the heating process undergo crystallization driven by the eutectic mechanism. This results in the formation of a mixture of α and Me3B phases. During this process, a significant increase in the magnetic moment of the alloys was detected. The α phase, which was formed by eutectic crystallization, was found to be enriched in chromium. It has been demonstrated that achieving a highly coercive state, it is contingent upon maintaining a Fe / Co ratio greater than 3, while simultaneously ensuring that the chromium content exceeds 16 at.%. The obtained data provides guidance for the development of functional materials with controlled magnetic properties.

Using the molecular dynamics method, a study of the compression deformation of nickel nanoparticles with amorphous and nanocrystalline structures at low temperatures was conducted. The influence of the size of nanoparticles on their strength and on the strain value at which maximum stress is reached has been investigated. The characteristics of deformation behavior in the case of amorphous and nanocrystalline nanoparticles were identified. It was shown that as the size of the nanoparticles decreased, both for amorphous and nanocrystalline types, their strength increased. The strength values for nanocrystalline nickel particles were approximately twice as high as those for particles with an amorphous structure. With decreasing particle size, the strain value at which maximum stress was reached during compression of the nanoparticles also increased. One possible reason for the influence of particle size on its strength in the case of an amorphous structure may be densification and partial crystallization of the structure near the load application sites. Partial crystallization in the contact patch regions during compression of amorphous nanoparticles was observed in the model in most cases. During compression of particles with a nanocrystalline structure, frequent phenomena included grain rotation and grain boundary sliding. As with amorphous nanoparticles, the phenomenon of structural densification near the contact patches and its reorientation were observed, such that the most densely packed atomic planes of the (111) type became parallel to the contact patch plane.

Superplastic deformation of thin sheets is widely used in aerospace, automotive and other industries. In this paper, a mathematical model of plane strain superplastic pressure forming of a sheet specimen into a die is proposed. A die under consideration has a shape of a long box with an isosceles trapezoid cross section, but the model can be generalized for more complex die shapes. It is assumed that sticking happens between a shell and a die and thickness remains unchanged once contact occurs. The process of forming was divided into different phases, which are determined by the die geometry. For each phase, ordinary differential equations for thickness were derived along with the initial conditions. Solutions of obtained ODEs allow estimating the shell thickness at any point of a specimen as a function of coordinate along walls of the die and to determine the duration of each superplastic pressure forming phase for a given pressure-time function. Norton’s power law was used as a constitutive equation. Due to the simplicity of Norton`s law it is possible to solve some of ODEs analytically. The proposed model can be used with other types of constitutive relations, in particular with relations that include microstructure parameters etc. The superplastic forming of a Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy sheet for the piecewise pressure-time function has been modelled. Some special cases of die geometry are analyzed.

In this paper, we study the effect of a hole-shaped structural defect on the size and density, as well as the thermal stability of skyrmions and the skyrmion lattice in a magnetic monolayer with a triangular lattice and a planar Dzyaloshinskii−Moriya interaction, using the local relaxation method and Monte Carlo simulations. Achieving control over the skyrmion density opens possibilities for the design of functional skyrmion-based devices. It is shown that increasing the Dzyaloshinskii−Moriya parameter increases the skyrmion density, while the presence of an external magnetic field promotes the degeneracy of the mixed configuration of skyrmion-domains into the skyrmion lattice. We demonstrate that the presence of a hole-shaped defect does not affect the phase diagram of the skyrmion gas and the skyrmion lattice, but acts as a stabilizing factor against thermal fluctuations. The thermal stability was studies using Monte Carlo simulations to calculate the order parameter and the order parameter susceptibility. It is shown that for certain combinations of the external magnetic field and the Dzyaloshinskii−Moriya parameter, there is an optimal size of the structural defect that allows achieving the maximum critical temperature of the phase transition The results obtained in this study can be useful for assessing the size of the defect and the values of interaction parameters in a magnetic material with high transition temperatures in the presence of a strong planar Dzyaloshinskii−Moriya interaction.

Biogenic strategies for the synthesis of nanomaterials, which have become quite common recently, open up wide opportunities for obtaining nanoparticles with unique properties and their application in food technologies. The purpose of this work was to synthesize silver nanoparticles using extracts of Jerusalem artichoke flowers, leaves, and stems and to study them. Jerusalem artichoke is a well-known plant with a unique chemical composition and is widely used in the food industry. The authors obtained aqueous extracts of Jerusalem artichoke ground parts using ultrasonic treatment. Their chromatographic analysis was carried out and their qualitative composition was established. According to paper chromatography, the extracts of Jerusalem artichoke flowers, stems, and leaves contain flavonoids and carbohydrates such as fructose, glucose, galactose, arabinose, xylose, and rhamnose. Potentiometric studies have shown that the antioxidant activity of Jerusalem artichoke flower extract is 4 times higher than that of stem and leaf extract. Dynamic light scattering has shown that the ash of silver nanoparticles synthesized using Jerusalem artichoke flower extract contains 17% more fine particles with a hydrodynamic radius of 54 nm, while the sum of large (300 to 850 nm) and very large (4000 to 5300 nm) particle fractions is 17% lower. The obtained zeta potential values confirmed the higher stability of particles synthesized in Jerusalem artichoke flower extract. Based on the results of the study, the authors concluded that higher antioxidant activity values of Jerusalem artichoke flower extract contribute to the formation of a larger number of fine and stable silver nanoparticles with greater antioxidant activity, which is promising for use in the food industry to ensure safety and extend the shelf life of food products

Alongside numerous benefits in business life (such as additional business opportunities, increased labour productivity), the Internet is responsible for adverse effects like cyberloafing in the workplace. Accessing the Internet for personal purposes during work hours is a prominent reason for counterproductive employee behaviour. The current theoretical background, however, is not sufficient to explain the causes of such behaviour. The article aims to identify the role of such factors as sparking leadership and perceived organizational support in preventing employees’ willingness to use their work time to engage in nonwork-related internet activities. To do so, five dimensions of cyberloafing are discussed: sharing, shopping, real-time updating, accessing online content, and gaming/gambling. Leadership theories, social exchange theory, and organizational support theory constitute the methodological basis of the research. The methods used are confirmatory factor analysis, and the PLS-SEM technique to reach a path model revealing the direct, indirect, and total relationships between the given dimensions. The data were collected from March to September 2023 through a face-to-face survey with 95 respondents from over 40 SMEs operating in Türkiye. The results revealed that perceived organizational support mediates the relationship between sparking leadership and sharing, shopping, and real-time updating dimensions of cyberloafing. The results point to the need for reconsidering organizational practices, values, and policies in a way that would foster employees’ well-being and happiness within the organization and mitigate their cyberloafing behaviour

В данной статье рассматривается проблема трансформации гендерной стратегии ЕС. Несмотря на то что первичное право ЕС по-прежнему определяет в качестве приоритетных целей гендерной политики достижение гендерного равенства между мужчинами и женщинами, в новом гендерном подходе наблюдается отход от классических гендерных постулатов о бинарности мужской и женской половой принадлежности через закрепление на уровне языка и мягких правовых норм нарративов о небинарности и трансгендерной природе человека (SOGI-подход). Реализуемая вне широкой научной дискуссии и политического консенсуса данная стратегия может стать причиной трансформации представлений о мужском и женском, привести к радикальному изменению гетеронормативной бинарной матрицы общества и традиционных репродуктивных установок.

Sustainable development of territories is one of the key goals of global and national policy. However, despite the resonance and financial assistance, many territories still lag behind and suffer from social-economic crises due to the peculiarities of both economic specialization and local communities. In Russia, depopulation has affected not only certain types of settlements and localities but also macro-territories (such as the North and the Arctic), which is determined not only by economic backwardness but also by social atomization of local communities, i. e., weak social ties at the micro level. The government makes efforts to smooth out demographic contrasts within the country, providing lagging regions with additional funding in the form of federal transfers and subsidies (policy of participatory budgeting, national projects, and various target programs to support local projects). The population of the Crimean Peninsula, except for Sevastopol, has gradually decreased due to a number of reasons: the region’s peripheral status, lagging social-economic development, proximity to the war zone, ethnic tensions, etc. However, some settlements do not lose their population and even manage to increase the number of residents. The authors consider one such settlement in different perspectives (historical prerequisites, economic specialization, features of social-economic and economic-geographical development, possibilities for accumulating social and human capital) and make a conclusion that its sustainability cannot be ensured only by additional funding for improvement projects and infrastructure construction.