Статьи

This research paper introduces an advanced optical transmission technology for 5G+ networks that uses high-order quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) to improve data delivery.

The system uses coherent optical transmission, dual-polarization, advanced DSP algorithms, and FEC to achieve great spectral efficiency, signal integrity, and resistance against optical defects at 16Tbit/s per channel across 200 kilometers. This study shows that high-order QAM can address future connectivity needs and advances optical network development for 5G and beyond. Based on the system developed by the author with a speed of 1 Tbit/s and the application of the Il’in-Morozov’s method, the presented system can be modernized and simplified in its structure, brought to the speeds indicated above due to stream aggregation.

Relations between the object and the subject, the objective reality in quantum mechanics and the theory of systems are investigated. Only as a result of observation does a quantum object become either a particle or a wave. Without the role of an observer, an object can simultaneously be in many states, while not being in any of them. In essence, wave-particle duality directly contradicts the notion of the existence of «objective reality» independent of the observer. Quantum mechanics postulates the inseparability of the subject, object and their interaction, and the theory of systems determines their relationship. Material reality, neither objective nor subjective, exists. Quantum objects materialize their states depending on the conditions of observation and at the request of the observer. Objective, independent of us, the world does not exist. To one degree or another, we influence all the objects of this world, and the world affects us. Each of the interacting elements of the system contributes to the formation of the reality of the element of the system and the entire system as a whole. The more elements interact with a large number of system elements, the more «real» it is. This conclusion, however paradoxical, not only does not contradict, but also follows both from the laws of quantum mechanics and from the laws of systemology.