Научный архив: статьи

Modern Greek identity is heavily based on the idea of the continuity of Greek culture and the Greek language. Most specialists in Modern Greek regard Ancient Greek and Modern Greek as different stages of the same language despite multiple differences and innovations at all levels. During the 19 th century, a number of European classical philologists tried to find Ancient Greek features in Modern Greek dialects. As a result, they have singled out Tsakonian as the sole dialect which descends directly from Ancient Doric Laconian but not from Hellenistic Koiné as the rest of the modern dialects. Nevertheless, it is important to point out that Tsakonian is not the only Modern Greek variety with some unique peculiarities inherited from Ancient Greek. This contribution analyzes the phenomena of the Ancient Greek origin in vocabulary, phonetics, morphology and syntax in Modern Greek dialects. The research is focused on those archaisms which exist in the dialects but are absent from Standard Modern Greek. The data was mostly collected by the author of this paper and his colleagues between 2000 and 2023. The analysis demonstrates that the majority of unique peculiarities of the Ancient Greek origin are found in Pontic and Tsakonian, although most varieties of Modern Greek have some archaisms. However, the quantity of archaisms is not a consistent indicator of the antiquity of the dialect since the history of Modern Greek dialects is still terra incognita and there is no good explanation why some dialects keep their archaisms better than the others.

This paper concerns the issue of the length of vowel e in the final -eus of the Latin medical terminological adjectives of coccygeus type. These adjectives are not associated with ancient Latin nouns and do not have a digraphic combination in the Greek prototype at the junction of the noun base and the adjective suffix: anconeus, coccygeus, laryngeus, phalangeus, pharyngeus. The lexemes were created by anatomists between the 16th and 18th centuries, mostly by Jean Riolan the Younger, James Douglas, William Cheselden, Christian H. T. Schreger. The spelling of these words with the final -æus in the work by Douglas in 1707 was a failed (and faulty) attempt to unify the spelling of Latin medical adjectives with a final -eus. The next try belonged to Cheselden (1713): he writes these lexemes with the final -eus. The artificial origin, the presence of two variants of the spelling (-æus and -eus) and of an identical in spelling Latin morpheme (-ĕus), and the simplification of spelling of Latin medical terms are the reasons why different variants of the appearance of the Latin adjectives of coccygeus type exist: with finals -aeus, -ēus, -ĕus. At the same time, an original Latinized Greek adjective existed — coccygius (from κοκκύγιος, used by Pausanias). The author suggests changing the nomenclature spelling of the adjectives of coccygeus type, bringing them in line with the historical “living” appearance: anconius, coccygius, laryngius, phalangius, and pharyngius. Until this change is carried out, it is recommended to consider ⟨e⟩ in the final -eus as a short vowel stressing the antepenultimate syllable

In this paper, the Latin language is analyzed in the context of typology of object incorporation. The authors draw on the research of Mithun, who considers incorporation on the basis of two obligatory conditions: first, the noun must be embedded in the verb, and second, the language must have parallel syntactic paraphrases with non-incorporated noun. The second criterion is so important that the phenomenon of incorporation is acknowledged to exist even in those languages where there is no complete integration of the noun into the verb, but only a certain syntactic compactness, provided there are parallel constructions. The latter type has been coined “noun stripping” and has launched the division of incorporation into two types, viz. “strong” and “weak” incorporation. Another important point of divergence between the incorporating languages is the change of the argument structure of the source verb, namely, the preservation or loss of transitivity of the incorporated complex. Taking all these parameters into account, the authors propose a new typology of object incorporation, including languages that have not previously been considered in the context of this phenomenon. This typology is not based on a strict opposition of incorporating and non-incorporating languages, but represents a kind of continuum in which the place of a language depends on whether it demonstrates: 1) full incorporation or only a close syntactic Noun–Verb compactness; 2) the presence of parallel syntactic paraphrases; 3) the detransitivisation of the resulting compound verb. The authors examine each criterion in detail as applied to Latin and show the place of Latin in this typology

During the Bakumatsu period (1853–1867), under pressure from Western countries, the Tokugawa shogunate was forced to end Japan’s policy of selfisolation and conclude unequal treaties with a number of Western powers. This caused deep discontent in the country, affecting various segments of the population. In the context of the political crisis, the shogunate launched a series of reforms aimed at strengthening its power, including military power. Great Britain secretly supported the opposition forces in the south of the country, and France made a bet on the shogunate, expressing its readiness to support its reforms. As a result, in January 1867, a French military mission consisting of 15 people arrived in the Japanese port of Yokohama, commanded by Captain Charles Chanoine, who had previously led French troops in China during the Second Opium War (1856–1860). The purpose of the mission was to modernize the obsolete military system of the Tokugawa shogunate. However, the recommendations of the French military advisers were not fully realized, because, after the outbreak of the civil war in January 1868 and the defeat of the supporters of the shogun, Emperor Meiji ordered the mission to leave Japan in October. A number of members of the mission, who did not obey this order, led by Jules Brunet, along with supporters of the shogunate, took part in the creation of the Republic of Ezo (1868–1869) on the island of Hokkaido.

Secular book printing began to spread in Japan since the beginning of the 17 th century. From the middle of the 17 th century, woodcut was completely dominant. The repertoire of publications was wide, including old texts written long before the Tokugawa period. Since commercial printing assumed that the book would be bought, only relevant old texts were published. The printed edition significantly expanded the circle of book readers. The Seiashō (Notes by a Frog from a Well) by Tonna (1289–1372) belongs to the karon genre (treatises on poetry) and is a guide for aspiring poets writing waka (Japanese songs). The text was published for the first time in 1648 and the first illustrated edition appeared in 1686, reprinted in 1709. The illustrator is believed to be Hishikawa Moronobu (1618–1694), although the book does not contain the artist’s name. The second illustrated edition dates back to 1752. This edition uses illustrations by Tachibana Morikuni (1679–1748). In both editions, illustrations are made on separate sheets, occupying a whole page. The illustrations are monochrome and include a drawing (a landscape illustrating the text of the poem) and an inscription of the poem at the top. An analysis and comparison of these two editions makes it possible to see some trends related to both printing itself and a number of more general cultural issues. The understanding of authorship receives a “visible” embodiment: in the first edition, neither the author of the text, nor the artist are identified, while the colophon of the second edition contains the names of both. During the time that has elapsed between the release of these two editions, the role of illustrations has grown significantly. The edition from the end of the 17th century contains 24 illustrations, and the book was made in such a way that it can exist in a version without illustrations; there, illustrations play a supporting role. The edition of the mid-18 th century contains 80 illustrations, and they can be distributed in the text of the book or concentrated in one place, making this edition close to the ehon books

Based on a simple macroeconomic approximation of a production system as a system utilizing public resources, the author discusses the rules for distributing the social product among three economic entities: the group of entrepreneurs, the group of hired workers, and the government (state budget). A scheme for distributing the social product in accordance with the volumes of public resources used in production is proposed. It is shown that the proposed scheme, compared to the traditional scheme of taxing enterprise profits and personal incomes, stimulates an increase in the efficiency of using public resources and simplifies the tax collection system.

Although the global distribution of eumycetozoans in terrestrial ecosystems with varying vegetation types has been a subject of a number of investigations during the past decade, there is still scarce to no available data from the mangrove forests, particularly in the Philippines. Hence, this study assesses and compares the occurrence and distribution of protosteloid amoebae inhabiting the mangrove ecosystem of San Fernando City, La Union, with the villages Biday and Catbangen as representatives. Aerial (AL) and ground (GL) leaf litter samples were used as substrates in isolating protosteloid amoebae and were subjected to moist chamber cultures. The 17 species belonging to 12 genera, from a total of 125 records, were described and reported in this study, with Protostelium mycophagum being the most often occurring species. Further results indicate that the ground microhabitat and the Biday site exhibited higher species diversity and abundance than the aerial microhabitat and the Catbangen site. Regarding species richness in the two leaf litters, GL hosted higher species richness than AL. The current research is one of the few that has assessed and surveyed the eumycetozoan distribution, occurrence, and ecology in the Philippine mangrove ecosystem. Furthermore, it demonstrates the potential for a mangrove forest to support diverse protosteloid amoebae growth.

The article describes the role of leisure activities in the effective development of human capital in rural areas. The article is based on the results of the monitoring study conducted by the survey method to examine the cultural-leisure activities of villagers in the Belgorod district of the Belgorod Region. The culture of leisure in the rural society was assessed according to the three main indicators - institutional, information and sociological. The authors identified the following rural groups depending on cultural-leisure preferences and activities: consumer (50%), spontaneous (18%), limited (17%) and active (15%). According to the features of leisure, seven types of cultural-leisure activities were identified: entertaining (28%), imitative (20%), consumer (19%), conservative (10%), contemplative (9%), cultural-creative (9%) and non-traditional (5%). Despite the declared desire to take an active part in cultural events (83%), only 10% of villagers do participate in them. One of the reasons is the discrepancy between cultural needs and the ability of cultural institutions to satisfy them. The authors note that the effective organization of cultural-leisure activities influences both formation and reproduction of human capital in rural areas. Thus, indicators of the improving quality of life in rural areas are not only modernized production and high wages but also the development of educational and cultural-leisure institutions.

В статье предпринята попытка рассмотреть образ дороги в контексте развития истории кинематографа, определить его место как в метафорическом аспекте, так и с точки зрения формирования жанровых особенностей в первую очередь таких жанров, как road movie и buddy cinema. В финале статьи автор приходит к выводу, что фильмы о дорогах, отринув коммерческий приключенческий потенциал, адаптировали приемы медленного кино, использовали его для создания ложного движения и обнаружили способность к размышлению о человеке в вечности.

We present the results of newobservations of radio emission from the solar corona in the range 1–3 GHz usingRATAN- 600. The difficulties of observations in this range are caused by a large amount of industrial interference (mobile communications, satellite navigation, microwave ovens, aircraft radars, etc.). Problems related to the conversion of magnetic energy into the energy of flares, heating of the corona, the role of narrow-band phenomena, and quasiperiodic pulsations in the solar corona still remain relevant. A change in the concept of the receiving spectral equipment for the RATAN-600 radio telescope has become urgent. SAO RAS is currently working on the creation of a series of nextgeneration spectral complexes to cover the entire operating range of RATAN-600. In this paper, we present the results of the first series of observations made with the panoramic spectral radiometric complex in the range of 1–3 GHz for studying low-contrast coronal structures. It has become feasible to implement observation modes for various objects: from powerful flaring radio sources to faint structures down to the radio granulation level. High-speed instruments for radio signal reception and information processing have been developed and introduced in order to separate useful signals from interference in real-time mode. These parameters, combined with a large effective area and wide frequency coverage of RATAN-600, allowed for observations of weak coronal structures in the frequency range of 1–3 GHz. We discuss the results of the first series of observations of weak coronal structures and their interpretation in terms of their impact on thermal processes in the corona.

The main purpose of this paper is to revisit the recently analyzed class of multidimensional Stepanov almost periodic functions. We introduce and study several new classes of Stepanov-like almost periodic functions in the mixed Lebesgue spaces. We also provide a new application of multi-dimensional Stepanov almost periodic functions to the abstract nonautonomous differential equations of first order, provided that all components of the exponent p_ ∈ [1, ∞)n are equal.

Ushbu tadqiqot O’zbekiston iqtisodiyotidagi to’g’ridan-to’g’ri xorijiy investitsiyalarning hozirgi holatini chuqur o’rganib chiqadi, uning so’nggi yillardagi tarmoq va mintaqalardagi tendentsiyalarini o’rganadi. Shuningdek, u FDINI rivojlantirishga qaratilgan islohotlarning ta’sirini baholaydi va hukumat e’tiborini talab qiladigan mavjud muammolarni hal qiladi. Tahlil xorijiy investitsiyalarni jalb qilish uchun muhim bo’lgan davlat muassasalari uchun sifat ko’rsatkichlarini baholashni o’z ichiga oladi. Maqola ko’proq xorijiy investitsiyalarni faol ravishda rag’batlantirish uchun institutsional muhitni yaxshilash bo’yicha puxta ishlab chiqilgan tavsiyalar bilan yakunlanadi.