SCI Библиотека

Relevance. The interconnectedness of global financial markets implies that shocks in one region can have widespread implications. The recent geopolitical tensions in the Middle East and Western Europe, have significantly heightened Geopolitical Risk (GPR) and Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU). Country-specific financial stability can experience ripple effects from these external sources of risk, indicating a direct link between geopolitical events and economic policy uncertainties that contribute to financial stress. Research Objective. This study examines the risk spillovers from Global Geopolitical Risk (GLGPR) and Economic Policy Uncertainty (GLEPU) to the country-wise Financial Stress Index (FSI) of the USA, China, and Russia. Our goal is to determine which of these giants demonstrates superior resilience in terms of financial stability against these external sources of risks. Data and Methods. Using Cross-Quantilogram (CQ), Partial-CQ and Recursive-CQ (R-CQ), we evaluate a weekly high-frequency data from 2000 to 2023 to identify patterns of these spillover effects. Results. Our findings indicate that GLGPR has mixed spillover effects on the USA’s FSI under varying market conditions, while the FSI shows long-term resilience to GLEPU. For China, GLGPR only boosts the FSI during long-term bullish markets, and GLEPU demonstrates pronounced adverse impact at the bullish market. In contrast, the Russian FSI reacts unevenly to both GLGPR and GLEPU, experiencing greater severity. Overall, the USA’s financial market exhibits the highest resilience to GLEPU, while the Chinese market demonstrates the greatest resilience to GLGPR. In contrast, the Russian financial market shows the highest exposure to these global risks. Conclusions. No previous empirical study has examined the financial stress response of these three globally powerful economies to external sources of risk such as GLGPR and GLEPU. Most of the previous research focuses solely on stock market returns or their volatility in relation to these risks, whereas we focus on a composite measure of stability that encompasses all four sectors of a financial market. Our research fills this gap, particularly in the context of current geopolitical tensions among these global players, making it highly relevant for both academics and policymakers.

В статье исследуется изменение российского законодательства по противодействию экстремистским проявлениям, предусматривающее ответственность за публичное демонстрирование нацистской атрибутики или символики. Одной из возможных причин изменения законодательства Российской Федерации, регламентирующего ответственность за публичное демонстрирование нацистской атрибутики или символики, рассматривается ответная реакция на деятельность зарубежных стран, направленную на декриминализацию военных преступлений нацистской Германии во время Великой Отечественной войны.

Relevance. Similar to other countries, Indonesia’s economy was significantly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, especially at the district and city levels. As the second-largest contributor to Indonesia’s GDP, East Java faced noticeable economic downturns. Industry, the region’s main economic sector, played a key role in these challenges, making it essential to evaluate all sectors from a regional economic perspective to navigate this turbulence effectively. Research objective. This study investigates the regional economy’s sectoral competitiveness in East Java, with a particular focus on the 17 sectors categorized by Statistic Indonesia (Badan Pusat Statistik-BPS) before and after COVID-19. Data and methods. The study relies on data from Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS)). The dataset includes GDP information for 11 regions, namely 7 districts and 4 cities, in East Java from 2018 to 2022, covering the pre- and post-pandemic periods. Methodologically, the study employed Location Quotient (LQ) analysis and Mix and Share Analysis. LQ analysis was used to assess the concentration and comparative advantage of East Java’s regions. Mix and Share and Shift-Share analyses were applied to identify the competitive industries in specific regions and their advantages. Results. The findings show positive economic growth in most regions of East Java before and after the pandemic, except for two regencies that saw a decline. The study emphasizes the need to strengthen regional resilience at the village level using the Village Fund from the national budget. Conclusions. Regional stakeholders, central government interventions, and continued development of leading sectors are essential for mitigating the effects of COVID-19. According to regional economic theory, collaboration between the government and businesses is crucial for enhancing competitive advantage and increasing the number of leading sectors.

В статье рассматриваются ключевые особенности правового регулирования деятельности благотворительных организаций и осуществления ими бухгалтерской отчетности. Рассматриваются вопросы возможности легализации пожертвований в форме криптовалюты, налогообложения благотворительных организаций и др. Результаты исследования позволили подробно охарактеризовать процесс отчетности бухгалтерских организаций и выявить в данном процессе проблемы правового характера.

Автором аргументированы ряд предложений по дополнению действующего правового регулирования деятельности благотворительных организаций, реализация которых позволит более детально регламентировать как порядок осуществления благотворительными организациями деятельности, так и порядок ведения ими бухгалтерской отчетности, что повысит уровень прозрачности и законности деятельности данных субъектов, а также систематизирует работу следователя при анализе документационного обеспечения благотворительной деятельности.

Relevance. The digital economy and the digitalization of business and public administration are progressing rapidly in Russia. However, significant disparities in ICT access, usage, and outcomes between regions persist, potentially contributing to widening socio-economic inequalities. Research objective. This study aims to demonstrate that digital skills are a key factor in regional development. It tests the hypothesis that regions with disparities in Internet adoption and digital skills also experience disparities in regional development, as reflected in key socio-economic indicators. Additionally, the study analyzes the impact of digital skills on per capita income and unemployment. Data and methods. The study uses data from a sociological survey conducted by the Federal Statistics Service (Rosstat) and the Higher School of Economics to characterize the digital skills of the population. Principal component analysis is applied to construct a composite index, the Internet Adoption Index, which reflects both the accessibility and use of the Internet across Russian regions. This index, alongside digital skills data, is used to group regions. Two-sample t-tests for equal and unequal variances are employed for initial comparisons of regional indicators. In the second stage, regression analysis is used to test the hypothesis that without improved digital skills, access to ICT does not lead to higher personal income or lower unemployment. Results. The study reveals that only 12 out of the considered 83 Russian regions exhibit relatively high levels of Internet adoption and above-average digital skills. Despite well-developed infrastructure, many regions still have low levels of digital proficiency. The age and gender structure of the population have little impact on regional digital skills. However, regions with greater access to the Internet and higher digital skills show higher economic growth, higher incomes, and lower unemployment. Conclusion. The findings provide strong evidence that digital skills are closely linked to socio-economic development. The results highlight the importance of policies aimed at improving digital literacy, particularly as the digital economy continues to expand.

По данным Росстата, до 39% граждан в России работает в условиях, не отвечающих санитарно-гигиеническим требованиям, при этом, по данным специальной оценки условий труда, в настоящее время порядка 10 миллионов работников трудятся во вредных и опасных условиях. Любопытен парадокс статистики: по сравнению со странами Европы, уровень профессиональных заболеваний в России в десятки раз ниже, несмотря на то, что условия труда на предприятиях оставляют желать лучшего. Несмотря на интенсивное развитие методов диагностики, совершенствование алгоритмов профилактики и лечения, ишемическая болезнь сердца остается ведущей в структуре заболеваемости и смертности во многих странах мира. Одним из наиболее важных достижений в диагностической кардиологии является селективная коронарная ангиография (КАГ), которая используется для определения степени и характера коронаросклероза, тактики лечения и оценки прогноза. В статье представлен анализ результатов обследования и КАГ у невыбранных пациентов с сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями (ССЗ) - работников вредных и опасных производств (основная группа) в сравнении с невыбранной контрольной группой, не имевшей контактов с вреднымипромышленными факторами, прошедших обследование и лечение в ФГБУЗ «СЗОНКЦ им Л. Г. Соколова ФМБА России». Выявлено более сохранное состояние коронарного русла у пациентов основной группы в сравнении с контрольной.

Relevance. Uneven spatial development is a common challenge for all countries, driven by both subjective and objective factors. The issue lies not in regional disparities themselves but in their growing intensity. Amid crises and economic turbulence, it is crucial to have tools to assess the risks of increasing spatial unevenness and widening socio-economic disparities between regions. Research Objective. This study aims to develop and test a tool for estimating the risks of uneven spatial development in Russia’s macroregions and the growing differentiation of regions by socio-economic level, using the Urals-Siberian macroregion as a case study. Data and Methods. A two-stage approach is proposed to evaluate spatial development in terms of uniformity and regional differentiation by socio-economic level and growth rate. In the first stage, the probability of a socio-economic decline is estimated based on key indicators (risk factors) and their dynamic indices. In the second stage, the probability of an increasing variation coefficient within a macroregion, reflecting rising disparities in socio-economic development, is analyzed. A multifactor risk model is used for analysis. The study relies on data from the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) covering the period from 2000 to 2022. Results. Applying this approach to the Urals-Siberian macroregion revealed persistent spatial unevenness throughout the study period, primarily due to the specialization of regions, which stabilizes their relative positions. However, during crises, spatial disparities tend to widen as regions demonstrate varying adaptive capacities and resilience - some not only recover but also improve their positions. Conclusion. The proposed tool assesses risks linked to uneven development and growing regional disparities, offering insights for sustainable macroregional strategies. The findings emphasize the need to consider regions’ specificities and adaptive capacities in spatial development policies.

Статья посвящена рассмотрению критериев пенализации преступлений, связанных с незаконными производством, сбытом или пересылкой наркотиков. Автором сформулировано понятие критерия пенализации наркопреступлений, проведен анализ существующих предпосылок для усиления карательного потенциала санкции статьи 228.1 УК РФ. Акцентируется внимание на важности учета существующих критериев пенализации с целью своевременного реформирования уголовного законодательства, в частности пенализации наркопреступлений.

Relevance. As interregional competition intensifies, state support for innovation in regional economies becomes increasingly important. To improve the effectiveness of such support, it is necessary to gain a better understanding of the link between innovation and economic development. Research Objective. The study aims to assess the impact of innovation activity on regional economic growth, focusing on the case of a large industrial region in Russia. Data and Methods. The analysis uses socio-economic data for Sverdlovsk region from 2000 to 2023 and applies an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model to assess the relationship between innovation and economic performance. The study introduces an Innovation Activity Index, which incorporates several key components, such as the number of research personnel, internal R&D expenditures, and other relevant indicators, for a more comprehensive evaluation. Results. The study traces the region’s innovation activity, revealing a general upward trend. However, while innovation clearly has a positively influence on economic growth in the short term, its effects over medium- and long-term periods are less obvious, likely due to structural factors in the regional economy. Conclusion. The study proposes recommendations to enhance regional innovation support within the «smart specialization» framework, including backing innovation projects, developing a sustainable innovation ecosystem, and investing in human capital.

В последние годы возрос интерес к взаимодействию микробиоты и организма человека. В данном обзоре литературы освещена проблема изменения состава микробиоты у пациентов с хронической болезнью почек (ХБП). Описаны характеристика и функции микробиома толстой кишки в физиологических условиях и при патологии. Рассмотрены основные патофизиологические механизмы, приводящие к изменению микробного пейзажа при ХБП, а также влияние метаболизма данных бактерий на функцию почек и на развитие других системных заболеваний. Отмечены прочие факторы, приводящие к изменению состава микробиоты кишечника, способы его коррекции и методы идентификации отдельных бактериальных групп.