Relevance. Strengthening fiscal decentralization is viewed as a crucial strategy to foster the economic development of Russian regions. Research Objective. The research aims to assess the potential impact of redistributing tax revenues, particularly VAT, among various budget levels. Data and Methods. The study employs regression analysis to investigate the correlation between the Gross Regional Product (GRP) of Russian regions and the expenditures of their consolidated budgets. A comparative analysis is also conducted, using data from the Federal Tax Service on VAT receipts to the federal budget and data from the Federal State Statistics Service on GRP and expenditure components of regional budgets from 2005 to 2021. Results. The research confirms the Russian government’s concerns regarding a possible increase in economic disparities if 40% of VAT is shifted to sub-federal levels. It reveals the negative impact that such a measure would have on specific regions. Instead, a more promising approach is to implement a special budgetary regime in select regions to stimulate their development. Conclusions. The study showcases adverse effects associated with transferring 40% of VAT to the sub-federal level. It proposes a mechanism to enhance fiscal decentralization in Russia, aiming to advance regional economic development, address economic disparities among regions, and offset any potential reduction in federal budget revenues.
Статья посвящена организации социальной работы с семьями, находящимися в социально опасном положении, и семьями «группа риска» на примере одного из районов Республики Коми. Авторами раскрыты основные составляющие профилактики семейного неблагополучия; основные понятия неблагополучных семей; критерии выявления семей, находящихся в социально опасном положении; форма и организация учёта и работы с данной категорией населения.
Relevance. The unprecedented disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic had a profound impact on the global economy, including Indonesia. Despite the challenges, Indonesia successfully managed to navigate and recover its international economic activities. Analyzing how Indonesia navigated its export advantages during the COVID-19 pandemic is crucial for understanding its resilience in the global economy. Research objective. The study aims to analyze the comparative and competitiveness of Indonesian export products, particularly the food processing industry, under the scheme of emerging markets and developing economies during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data and methods. This study relies on the data from Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) and the Indonesian Ministry of Trade, along with world export data from the World Bank, OECD, and the International Trade Center, to examine the food processing industry during the 2021-2022 pandemic. Using the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) model, it classifies comparative products for potential exports and diversification guidance. The Export Product Dynamics (EPD) model measures competitive advantage and serves as an early warning indicator, providing a comprehensive trade analysis for identifying growth opportunities and mitigating risks. Results. The RCA findings indicate that Indonesian processed food products for emerging market countries exhibit strong comparatives, supported by factors such as selling prices, production capacity, innovative technology, and trade tariff policies. This is reinforced by the results of the EPD analysis, which shows the dominance or rising star status of these products. Conclusions. The dominance of processed Indonesian food products points to the need for the government to uphold and expand exports beyond emerging market countries. Recommended measures include initiating revitalization, transformation, market analysis, and evaluating products categorized as falling stars or experiencing failures, missed opportunities, and retreats. Additionally, a focus on the upstream-downstream sectors of the food processing industry is crucial.
В статье рассматриваются проблемы реализации государственной политики Республики Коми в сфере здравоохранения. Выделяются такие проблемы, как ограниченная доступность медицинской помощи в удалённых районах, нехватка медицинских кадров, льготное обеспечение лекарственными препаратами. Данные проблемы раскрываются и анализируются на примере Республики Коми, также предлагаются пути их решения.
Relevance. Electronic commerce (e-commerce) and social commerce (s-commerce) are transforming business and consumer behaviour in Southeast Asia, propelled by digital advancements and increased internet and smartphone usage. This trend is significantly influencing economic growth and market dynamics in these emerging economies. Research Objective. This study aims to perform a comparative analysis of e-commerce and s-commerce across Southeast Asian countries. Additionally, it seeks to explore the evolution from e-commerce to s-commerce in emerging economies, examining the opportunities and challenges embedded in this transition, and discussing the implications for businesses and consumers alike. Data and Methods. To achieve these objectives, we used a quantitative approach, surveying 872 Thai participants through an online questionnaire using a convenience sampling technique. Additionally, we analyzed the data comparing e-commerce and s-commerce across Southeast Asian countries using the documentary method and content analysis. Results. Consumer spending through e-commerce and s-commerce has a significant positive impact on economic growth in Thailand, surpassing the impact of government spending. Private consumption, a substantial component of Thailand’s GDP, stimulates production, investment, and job creation, fostering overall economic advancement. In Southeast Asia, distinct e-commerce trends are evident: Thailand benefits from high internet and smartphone usage, Indonesia from robust social media engagement, and Vietnam from a focus on social commerce and mobile, cross-border e-commerce. These diverse trends underscore the necessity for businesses to tailor their strategies to each country’s unique consumer behaviors and preferences. Conclusions. The study confirms the significant impact of electronic consumption through e-commerce and social media on GDP growth. This form of consumption not only drives demand but also creates jobs, enhances efficiency, and opens up opportunities for international trade, fostering sustained economic development. In light of these findings, governments are advised to bolster digital infrastructure and support businesses in their digital transition. Meanwhile, businesses are recommended to adapt to digital models, emphasize consumer engagement, expand globally through online platforms, and integrate sustainable practices. Collectively, these measures are designed to harness the full potential of electronic consumption for sustainable and robust economic growth.
Relevance. The adoption of new technologies and the rapid emergence of innovation spur high-tech production and export-led economic growth. We aim to provide fresh evidence on the determinants of high-tech exports, considering different macroeconomic factors within the framework of the gravity model. Research Objective. The aim of the research is to empirically assess the impact of macroeconomic instability, tax policies, natural resources endowment, human capital, and institutional environment on the promotion of high-tech exports. Data and Methods. In considering the institutional indicator, six distinct indices from the World Bank are examined, and a common indicator is computed using principal component analysis. The econometric modeling uses a panel dataset covering the world’s 80 largest economies from 1996 to 2019. To test the assumptions of the gravity model and tackle the heteroscedasticity problem, the Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood methodology is employed. Results. Higher inflation and unemployment rates are found to significantly decrease high-tech exports, while government external debt contributes to their enhancement. Tight tax policy and an increase in tax contribution are counterproductive in spurring high-tech exports. A negative and significant result is found for resource endowment, indicating that an increase in resource exports is counterproductive for technological advances and high-tech production. In most cases, the institutional environment and human capital significantly promote high-tech exports. Conclusions. Based on the presented empirical findings, we offer recommendations for the government to stimulate high-tech exports.
В условиях всё интенсивнее усложняющихся отношений между федеральным центром и регионами проблема экономической безопасности регионов становится всё более актуальной и значимую роль в обеспечении экономической безопасности выполняет образование. В условиях сложившейся геополитической обстановки, определения направлений социально-экономического развития государства в соответствии с положениями Указа Президента РФ «О Стратегии национальной безопасности Российской Федерации» от 02.07.2021 № 400 и в рамках управления устойчивым региональным развитием проблема исследования концепции развития регионального образования, учитывающей особенности современного состояния общества, приобретает особую актуальность.
Relevance. In the pursuit of sustainable development, the circular economy takes precedence as a fundamental imperative for industrial transformation. The current trend in the development of the circular economy concept is to place the main focus on the technological support of circularization and the corresponding innovations in business models, while the decisive role people play in this model of economy is often overlooked. Individuals with specialized knowledge, skills, and values are essential for developing and implementing circular models, making effective management decisions, and promoting rational consumption patterns. The demand for circular skills and the availability of relevant competencies can significantly differ across regions, necessitating further in-depth study. Research objective. The paper is aimed at developing a new methodological approach to the study of circular economy skills at the regional level. This approach considers these skills in terms of both employer demand and their incorporation into master’s degree programs, accounting for regional specifics. Data and methods. The study employed a comprehensive approach, integrating theoretical methods with empirical analysis. Scientometric and content analysis identified taxonomies of circular economy skills, and employers’ personnel needs were examined through the analysis of the HeadHunter job site using Python software. Additionally, the study encompassed an analysis of educational programs from official websites of universities in southern Russian regions. Results. A new approach to the study of supply and demand of circular economy skills at the regional level has been proposed and tested. As a result, it was determined that there is a demand for sustainable development specialists in various industries in the Russian labor market, which varies across different regions of the country. The relevant skills are included in the master’s degree programs offered by universities. There is a need for greater involvement of regional authorities in shaping educational demands presented to universities, as this is essential for generating demand in the job market for the corresponding competencies. Conclusions. To better achieve targets in sustainable development and facilitate the transition to a circular economy, it is essential to promote a balanced development of all the relevant skills and behavioral patterns. To ensure this, it is important to involve regional authorities in shaping the demand for these skills.
В статье подчёркивается, что особая роль в борьбе с коррупцией в России в настоящее время отведена системе образования. Духовно-нравственное воспитание нации рассматривается как основополагающий фактор борьбы с проявлениями коррупции.
Актуальность и сложность анализа процессов демократии в условиях цифровизации общества, абсентеизма населения, разнообразия политических форм участия концентрирует исследовательский фокус. Исследование демократии, электоральных процессов является ведущим в политологии. Исследование института выборов как неотъемлемой части демократии является задачей концептуализации научной проблемы. В статье раскрыты основные функции института демократии в зависимости от социальных, политико-институциональных и партийно-политических переменных.