ISSN 2782-1668 · EISSN 2712-8857
Язык: ru

ОБЗОР ЕВРОПЕЙСКОГО И АЗИАТСКОГО ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВА

Архив статей журнала

MEDICAL EXAMINATIONS OF TRANSPORT WORKERS: TRADITIONS AND INNOVATIONS (2024)
Выпуск: Т. 7 № 2 (8 ст.) (2024)
Авторы: Клепалова Юлия Игоревна

Vehicles represent a source of increased danger, and therefore any issues related to ensuring safety in this area are of particular practical importance, because they carry a significant risk of adverse consequences both for society as a whole and for its individuals. However, in the science of labor law, there is currently no complete and comprehensive study devoted to medical examinations of workers of various modes of transport from the perspective of the scope of their activities and the characteristics of the labor function that they perform. The purpose of the study is to formulate the problems of legal regulation of medical examinations of workers related to transport traffic, as well as to identify trends in legal regulation in this area, in particular in the context of the development of high-speed traffic. Currently, the legal regulation of the procedure for conducting medical examinations of workers is not uniform since it is regulated by a large number of by-laws of various ministries and departments, and the introduction of telemedicine technologies in the field of protecting the health of citizens is perceived ambiguously by various departments. I believe that in this situation it is necessary to adopt a universal regulatory act, which should apply to all transport workers without exception, regardless of its type, should reflect the conceptual requirements for the procedure for conducting medical examinations, including listing cases in which the use of remote, digital technologies. Based on this act, departmental acts should already be formed regulating the procedure for undergoing medical examinations in relation to workers of certain types of transport. Such a solution to the issue will make it possible to formulate a uniform approach to conducting medical examinations, taking into account the specifics of modes of transport, thereby facilitating not only law enforcement practice, but also more quickly making changes to this act, which is especially important in the context of the development of digital technologies.

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ПРОЦЕССУАЛЬНЫЕ ГАРАНТИИ РАБОТНИКОВ ПО ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВУ ГОСУДАРСТВ-ЧЛЕНОВ ЕАЭС ПРИ РАССМОТРЕНИИ ИНДИВИДУАЛЬНЫХ ТРУДОВЫХ СПОРОВ (2024)
Выпуск: Т. 7 № 4 (8 ст.) (2024)
Авторы: Родионов Артем О.

В статье предпринята попытка дать оценку перспективам гармонизации законодательства государств-членов ЕАЭС в сфере судебной защиты трудовых прав работников. С этой целью в работе сравниваются нормы стран ЕАЭС об индивидуальных трудовых спорах (трудовые, гражданские процессуальные, о принудительном исполнении, по взиманию сборов) с опорой на руководящую судебную практику и мнения ученых. Исследуются такие процессуальные гарантии работников в области рассмотрения индивидуальных трудовых споров, как отсутствие условной подведомственности, альтернативная подсудность, освобождение от судебных расходов, сокращенный срок рассмотрения дела, немедленное исполнение решения суда. Сделан вывод о том, что в целом подходы государств-членов ЕАЭС к регулированию судебной защиты трудовых прав работников в сфере индивидуальных трудовых споров совпадают, что способствует гармонизации их законодательства. Однако в отдельных странах-участницах ЕАЭС наблюдается тенденция к сокращению процессуальных гарантий работников, что является сдерживающим гармонизацию фактором.

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СОЗДАНИЕ И ЛИКВИДАЦИЯ СЛУЖБЫ ОХРАНЫ ТРУДА В ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯХ ОТДЕЛЬНЫХ СТРАН ЕВРАЗИЙСКОГО ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО СОЮЗА (2024)
Выпуск: Т. 7 № 4 (8 ст.) (2024)
Авторы: Порываев Андрей Анатольевич

В Конституции РФ закреплено право каждого человека на охрану здоровья, что в полной мере соответствует общепризнанным принципам и нормам международного права. Реализация данного права осуществляется посредством в том числе норм института охраны труда. Создание и функционирование службы охраны труда у работодателя независимо от осуществляемой им деятельности - залог сохранения жизни и здоровья каждого работника. Однако реализация этого права во многих случаях сталкивается с трудностями. Так, автором с учетом современной судебной практики рассмотрены проблемные вопросы, связанные с созданием службы охраны труда и ее функционированием у работодателей, включая ее ликвидацию. В статье затрагиваются проблемы, возникающие при определении численности специалистов по охране труда в связи с рекомендациями по расчету численности. Обращено внимание на уровень знаний лиц, исполняющих обязанности в области охраны труда при условии отсутствия у работодателя специальной службы или уполномоченного лица. С учетом проведенного анализа и опыта отдельных стран ЕАЭС в области создания и функционирования служб охраны труда сформулированы выводы и предложения.

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RISKS FOR PERSONAL DATA OF AN EMPLOYEE WHEN THE EMPLOYER USES TECHNOLOGIES OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE COUNTRIES OF THE EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION (2024)
Выпуск: Т. 7 № 4 (8 ст.) (2024)
Авторы: Зайцева Лариса Владимировна

Usage of neural network technologies, namely various learning and self-learning programs that gather, analyze a great volume of information on an employee and manufacturing process, have an access to a worldwide network, are integrated with video-, audio-, and other fixation systems by employers generates new economic and technological and social and legal risks. Inconsistence of labor and information legislation in the field of protection of personal data of employees determines novel conditions for potential violations of rights of employees and growth of the quantity of labor conflicts. Separate problems are caused by gathering and treating personal data with artificial intelligence and far from all of them are technical in nature, even if determined by specific features of neural network technologies. This article discusses main risks for personal data of employees under conditions of usage of specific neural network technologies for staff recruitment and supervision over employees, including monitoring in order to ensure the safety of work performance. With this object in view, labor codes, laws, and bylaws on labor protection, laws on protection of personal data of the countries of the EAEU. Systemic and complex analysis of sources of legal regulation and comparative legal studies were primary investigative techniques. In consequence of this, legal and social risks of usage of neural network technologies for staff recruitment and organization of supervision over compliance with labor discipline by employees, especially in regard to the provision of safe labor conditions, as well as discrepancies between labor and information legislations were revealed. Several methods for overcoming revealed discrepancies, which allow to ensure a proper protection of employees’ rights in the field of protection of personal data before long, were proposed.

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LABOR LAW IN RUSSIA: HISTORICAL CONTRADICTIONS IN THE REGULATION OF LABOR RELATIONSHIPS (2024)
Выпуск: Т. 7 № 4 (8 ст.) (2024)
Авторы: Демидов Николай Вольтович

The aim of the work is to study the main patterns of the development of labor law in Russia in their problematic key. A conclusion is made about the presence of a number of general trends in the development of the branch of law. Pre-revolutionary and Soviet legislators formed strategic concepts and individual judgments in the legal regulation of labor relationships. At the same time the genesis and development of this branch of law were characterized by a number of destructive foundations that are inherent to particular systems and historical periods. Such ‘genetic’ problems are: laws making the legal regulation of work susceptible to the influence of the political environment; periodic evasion by legislators of the objective economic principles; the conflict between standard legal regulation and unlawful practices in the world of work; excessive formalization of labor law; a degree of centralization in regulating labor relationships, which was not optimum. The above contradictions are largely objective and forced in nature. However, the fight against them is still necessary in the interests of increasing the efficiency of the regulation of the world of labor in the Russian society.

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