It is shown that the secular displacement of the Earth center of mass (drift), observed by space geodesy methods, and the deformation of the Earth surface make the most significant contributions to the secular changes in gravity on the Earth surface, which are recorded using absolute and superconducting gravimeters. The simplest estimates of the secular variation in gravity at a given station can be made directly from the secular variation in the station altitude determined by GPS satellite data. These data determine the trend of the station directly with respect to the drifting center of the Earth mass. However, they do not allow estimating the contributions of the above effects: the drift of the center of mass and the change in station height due to deformation but actually determine their difference. The performed analysis made it possible to estimate the contribution of the drift of the Earth center of mass in the variations of gravity at a given gravimetric station, as well as the contribution of the Earth surface deformation and the corresponding change of the station height. For 8 known and leading gravimetric stations, the indicated components of gravity variations were calculated. It was shown that these two factors are the main ones, and their sum mainly explains the observed gravity variations at a number of well-known gravimetric stations: New Alesund (Norway), Seva (Antarctica), Churchill (Canada), Wuhan (China), Medicina (Italy), Bologna (Italy), Membach (Belgium) and Metsahovi (Finland).
They outlined briefly the basic concepts of nonlinear dynamics, such as evolution, bifurcations, autowaves, instability, fractals, chaos, and dynamic chaos.
The article presents a brief history of the development of ideas in the category of “complexity”. Modern interpretations of the term in various sciences are shown. The system approach to complexity understanding is stated most fully.
At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, the scientific community was in a rosy mood - and not without reason: it seemed that a few more strokes, and the picture of the world would be built. By the end of the 19th century, classical science could rightfully be proud of its achievements. Since the time of Newton, the world, which the ancients divided into the sublunar and supralunar spheres, has become a single. Uniform cognizable (and, as the representatives of natural science and philosophical circles believed, largely cognized) laws acted in it.
They discussed the irrelevance of the ideas put forward earlier about the sources of the Earth endogenous heat. They showed the incorrectness of the new model of the perovskitepostperovskite phase transition for the D boundary. In the light of new concepts of nonlinear dynamics, new approaches are proposed that have a wider application for any planetary systems. They considered the role of viscous-plastic friction on the endogenous heat release at the boundary D with a difference in the moments of inertia for a two-layer model of the Earth under the conditions of velocity variation rotation. They performed the analysis of the published data from the satellites of Jupiter concerning the traces of endogenous activity on their surfaces. They put forward the idea about the role of variations in kinematic parameters (nutation and precession of rotation, eccentricity of revolution) on endogenous manifestations on their surfaces as an obligatory property of nonlinear planetary systems. This allows us to explain the latest research by NASA scientists on satellite data concerning the excess of infrared radiation of the giant planets in the solar system.
The role of bifurcation or structural-phase transitions in the evolution of complex systems is analyzed using a phenomenological algorithm and formalized concepts of adaptability and stability. It is shown that the algorithm makes it possible to estimate the degree of transition harmonicity and the stability of the new state. Knowledge of the features of the most critical zones of structural-phase transitions makes it possible to change the trajectory, pace and ultimate goal of the evolution of various dangerous natural processes by small energy impacts, preventing their development to extreme states. The knowledge of the functional significance of such “acupuncture” points of evolutionary processes makes it possible to control them with minimal energy costs for the purpose of preventive protection.
The polyfunctionality of complex evolving systems is analyzed. It is shown that not only living objects, but also various inert, bio-inert systems have numerous functions in the general natural organism. The functions of a dual nature systems - bioinert soil and biosocial man - turned out to be especially numerous. Such functions turned out to be the basic objects of study of the existing world system polyfunctionality.
In recent years, the world scientific community has been trying to combine their efforts to coordinate scientific research in the direction of complex system study. Thus, already in the 1980s, a special scientific discipline called complexity theory emerged. The science about complex nonlinear processes (Nonlinear Science, Science of complexity, Science of Chaos) is now only in the initial stage of rapid growth, as evidenced by the rapid development of this industry in the United States. The problems of complex nonlinear systems are studied at all major universities in Europe and America. This work is devoted to the analysis of various approaches to the study of complex system problem from modern positions. The issues of the systemic world development are covered briefly. They described the foundations of the modern understanding of global Evolutionism.
The second part of the article analyzes the problems associated with the disposal of different types of autonomous mobile robots and determines the efficiency of their recycling. The commercial viability of recycling ground robots and the necessity of state subsidies for enterprises engaged in recycling waste from the disposal of UAVs and underwater robots have been identified. An estimate of the waste mass from the operation of a mobile robot fleet in a city with a population of 100,000 people is made. Quantitative indicators for assessing the impact of robotics waste on the environment have been determined, methods for reducing the associated negative environmental impact are proposed, and the dependence of the waste volume from the disposal of domestic and service robots on overheating during the installation of electronic control system units has been obtained. The influence of reliability indicators on the waste mass from disposal and the operating cost of UAVs has been investigated.
Based on a simple macroeconomic approximation of a production system as a system utilizing public resources, the author discusses the rules for distributing the social product among three economic entities: the group of entrepreneurs, the group of hired workers, and the government (state budget). A scheme for distributing the social product in accordance with the volumes of public resources used in production is proposed. It is shown that the proposed scheme, compared to the traditional scheme of taxing enterprise profits and personal incomes, stimulates an increase in the efficiency of using public resources and simplifies the tax collection system.
A technique for transforming pixel images to form a new type of structures – named filamentous, or thread-like, by the author – possessing the property of revealing significant features of the transformed objects, has been developed. A program in Python using the OpenCV computer vision module and the Numpy data array module, allowing for efficient processing of original pixel images and visualization of filamentous mappings formed on their basis, has also been developed. Both the principles of the developed method and the main actions performed during the execution of the program code are described. The created program is distinguished by ease of use and the ability to adjust the thread placement step. Based on the results of experiments on processing a large number of heterogeneous images and analyzing the obtained results, conclusions have been drawn and recommendations have been given regarding the prospects for applying filamentous structures in various fields of science and art. Particular attention is paid to the transformation of fractal images widespread in nature. The potential convenience of using the developed thread-like structures for improving the procedures of recognizing fuzzy images (including those using neural networks), for example, obtained from satellites, is also considered.
The purpose of this work is to analyze the first regional model of the mankind system. This model is part of a set of 28 models of mankind. The elements of these models are resources or resource groups. A small quantitative model of the entire mankind system was previously presented. By resources, we mean tools, things, qualities, and methods that can be used to achieve human goals. In our models of the mankind system, the possibilities for actions of people and mankind are included in the consideration, while social structures, as well as the impact of mankind on the environment, are excluded from consideration. A total of 26 regional models are proposed. These are models of resource groups. The article details the first regional model of the mankind system and presents a development timeline for the lifespan of the first regional model. Collectively, the regional models constitute a large model of mankind. This article is interdisciplinary in nature as it addresses issues related to complex systems and human history.
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