Статья: SOIL AS A MULTIPHASE COMPLEX SYSTEM (2023)

At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, the scientific community was in a rosy mood - and not without reason: it seemed that a few more strokes, and the picture of the world would be built. By the end of the 19th century, classical science could rightfully be proud of its achievements. Since the time of Newton, the world, which the ancients divided into the sublunar and supralunar spheres, has become a single. Uniform cognizable (and, as the representatives of natural science and philosophical circles believed, largely cognized) laws acted in it.

They discussed the irrelevance of the ideas put forward earlier about the sources of the Earth endogenous heat. They showed the incorrectness of the new model of the perovskitepostperovskite phase transition for the D boundary. In the light of new concepts of nonlinear dynamics, new approaches are proposed that have a wider application for any planetary systems. They considered the role of viscous-plastic friction on the endogenous heat release at the boundary D with a difference in the moments of inertia for a two-layer model of the Earth under the conditions of velocity variation rotation. They performed the analysis of the published data from the satellites of Jupiter concerning the traces of endogenous activity on their surfaces. They put forward the idea about the role of variations in kinematic parameters (nutation and precession of rotation, eccentricity of revolution) on endogenous manifestations on their surfaces as an obligatory property of nonlinear planetary systems. This allows us to explain the latest research by NASA scientists on satellite data concerning the excess of infrared radiation of the giant planets in the solar system.

The role of bifurcation or structural-phase transitions in the evolution of complex systems is analyzed using a phenomenological algorithm and formalized concepts of adaptability and stability. It is shown that the algorithm makes it possible to estimate the degree of transition harmonicity and the stability of the new state. Knowledge of the features of the most critical zones of structural-phase transitions makes it possible to change the trajectory, pace and ultimate goal of the evolution of various dangerous natural processes by small energy impacts, preventing their development to extreme states. The knowledge of the functional significance of such “acupuncture” points of evolutionary processes makes it possible to control them with minimal energy costs for the purpose of preventive protection.

In recent years, the world scientific community has been trying to combine their efforts to coordinate scientific research in the direction of complex system study. Thus, already in the 1980s, a special scientific discipline called complexity theory emerged. The science about complex nonlinear processes (Nonlinear Science, Science of complexity, Science of Chaos) is now only in the initial stage of rapid growth, as evidenced by the rapid development of this industry in the United States. The problems of complex nonlinear systems are studied at all major universities in Europe and America. This work is devoted to the analysis of various approaches to the study of complex system problem from modern positions. The issues of the systemic world development are covered briefly. They described the foundations of the modern understanding of global Evolutionism.