Chemical stabilization is a typical method for enhancing salinity in soils. In this regard, an effort has been made to evaluate the effect of chemical substances and stabilizers of Portland cement on the geotechnical characteristics of salt soils. Due to their geologic makeup, textural characteristics, and climatic factors, the majority of the soils in the southern part of Iraq are notable for having a wide variety of formations. Because the soil particles in the saline regions of Thi-Qar governorate are encircled by molecules of chlorides, sulfates, or other salt species that function as link agents to fill in the gaps in the dry state, these soils may generally be categorized as saline soils. The sort of salt in such soil determines how it should be disposed of. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of adding different types of salt compounds including NaCl, MgCl2, Na2SiO3, and CaCl2 with various percentages 2, 4, 8, and 10 % and Portland cement for improving the consistency limits and shear strength of saline soft soils. It was found that adding cement materials and a group of chlorides NaCl, MgCl2, Na2SiO3, and CaCl2 increased the unconfined compressive strength of the soil from 290 to 814, 506, 404, 574, and 422 kPa, respectively, and decrease the consistency limits.
Идентификаторы и классификаторы
The sides of the Euphrates River bank are formed by fine sediments of silt or silty clay, and mud accumulating on the bank and at the top portion of the natural flood zone level, which work to obstruct the flow of the river and seem like a steep barrier. River water is diverted from the neighboring plains and utilized to build car parks and many engineering structural compounds like dams, bridges, liquefaction-pumping stations, etc. When the sides of rivers are safe and stable, the procedure of exploiting them becomes easier. If they are unstable and on the verge of collapsing, the process of exploitation is delayed. The soils along the Euphrates River bank in the southern region of Iraq were classified as saline soft soils. When the subgrade is fine soil, a tricky issue arises in civil engineering applications [1].
Список литературы
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The work is devoted to the study and analysis of hydrodynamic and climatic loads on hydraulic structures of the Neva Bay – the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland, which is exposed to significant anthropogenic and natural impacts. The geographical position of the Neva Bay, as well as the complex of flood protection structures of St. Petersburg, affect the predicted load levels. In these conditions, special attention is paid to the design and operation of pontoons and other hydraulic structures resistant to waves, ice cover and wind loads. The study calculated the wave-protective characteristics and stability of pontoons used in the Neva Bay as moorings for small vessels. The main parameters of wave loads were estimated using wave models, which made it possible to take into account irregular water oscillations and their effect on the dynamic behavior of structures. A test was carried out for the stability of pontoons with various configurations of anchor systems that ensure their fixation at a given point in the water area. The simulation showed that under conditions of irregular waves and changing water levels, floating structures experience significant loads that are distributed to the anchor system and require accurate calculations to ensure reliability. Additionally, ice and wind load on hydraulic structures, loads associated with thermal expansion of ice, changes in water levels, and wind effects were studied, taking into account the characteristics of ships of different lengths and above-water heights. The simulation results make it possible to identify key operating conditions for protective and berthing structures in the Neva Bay and provide information for inclusion in the information model of the water area, which will allow predicting the behavior of structures under changing natural and climatic conditions.
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