В статье рассматриваются особенности функционирования системы микроциркуляции, в частности современные интегративные представления о микроциркуляторно-тканевой системе, которая обеспечивает кровоснабжение и регуляцию доставки кислорода в соответствии с метаболическими потребностями ткани и органа. В этой системе важная роль принадлежит реологическим свойствам крови и микрореологическим свойствам эритроцитов, которые выступают в качестве интравазальных регуляторов микрокровотока и оказывают существенное влияние на функционирование системы гемостаза. В реализации фундаментальной физиологической функции – кислородного снабжения тканей в соответствии с их метаболическими потребностями – эритроциты выступают не только в качестве транспортера газов, но и сенсора гипоксии и регулятора вазодилатационной функции эндотелия. Рассматриваются проблемы дисфункции микрокровотока и особенности реологических свойств крови у пациентов с тяжелым течением COVID-19.
Предпросмотр статьи
Идентификаторы и классификаторы
- SCI
- Биология
Потоковые свойства крови во многом определяют эффективность тканевой перфузии и доставки кислорода в ткани, они зависят от давления, генерируемого сердечной мышцей, геометрии сосудов (их длины и диаметра) и от реологических свойств самой крови [63].
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Хорошо известно, что витамины являются необходимыми микронутриентами для нормального функционирования всех систем организма и должны поступать в достаточном количестве с пищей. Роль витаминов, продуцирумых кишечной микробиотой, для здоровья хозяина практически не определена. В обзоре рассматриваются свойства восьми водорастворимых витаминов группы B, их комплексные эффекты на функционирование нервной системы. Уделяется внимание малоизученному вопросу – синтезу витаминов группы В кишечной микробиотой и ее роли в дефиците витаминов в организме. Предполагается, что взаимосвязанные факторы – “западная диета”, измененный состав (дисбиоз) кишечной микробиоты и дефицит витаминов группы В вовлечены в патогенез рассеянного склероза, тяжелого аутоиммунного демиелинизирующего заболевания, поражающего людей трудоспособного возраста. Приводятся имеющиеся исследования по оценке уровня витаминов группы B у пациентов с рассеянным склерозом и применению высоких доз этих витаминов для лечения прогрессирующих форм рассеянного склероза. Кроме того, высказывается идея о возможности использования пробиотических бактерий-продуцентов витаминов группы B в терапии рассеянного склероза.
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