Архив статей журнала
We propose a structural scheme for the origin and unfolding of the large solar cycle as a group of physical phenomena that are registered on the surface of the Sun and include the so-called 11-year and 27-day (Carringtonian) cycles of solar activity. The model considerations are quite general because they exclude the specifics of natural systems; physical laws are not used; only the structural aspect is studied. The basis for consideration is the protostructure, i.e. according to the conception, a primary system of relations, which is considered on the numerical axis. The system is represented as a network consisting of nodes, or allowed states, and links, i.e. rules responsible for stability, both of which are set by the protostructure. An order parameter, n, or hierarchically the most significant characteristic of the system, is formed on the basis of two additional relative characteristics. The order parameter and shifts of its positions relative to the initial positions are the basis for the analysis of structural events.
The protostructure has previously been used to analyze the structure of the solar system in the ecliptic plane, where the role of the order parameter, n, is played by the relative angular momentum. In particular, the stages of the Sun’s burning from initial mass to the currently known mass, as well as the relationship of mass with the minimum radius of the Sun and the eccentricity of the Earth’s orbit have been investigated. The nodal complex responsible for the formation of the observed characteristics of the great solar cycle, Halley’s Comet, the asteroid belt, and the Chiron body was also identified. The analyses of already available model constructions, as well as the involvement of several hypotheses allow us to combine these results and present a set of structural scenarios describing the emergence and unfolding of the great solar cycle from its formation to the present. At present, the observed solar radius is 4.649*10-3a.u. When the model solar radius changes within the range of (4
The paper considers the process when a self-organized system is reaching its evolutionary maturity. The results obtained can be applied to explain orbital characteristics for five planets of the solar system. The system does not possess specifics of natural objects and is regarded as part of a structure that has borders. In its turn, the structure is understood as a network consisting of nodes (the allowed states) and connections between them. The system is formed as a deployment of a proto-structure, being a two-component cyclically organized system of relations, which is interpreted as the primary structure intended for a step-by-step study of evolution. Evolution is understood as a history-based stage-by-stage deployment. The proto-structure defines the range of the allowed states for n, the order parameter of the system, which subordinates two relative characteristics. As a result of the interaction, the elements of the specified spectrum are split into components and specialize. In this work, the initial data are derived from the analysis of the previous stage of evolution, where the splitting of ten n-nodes within one isolated cycle of the proto-structure is considered. Here we examine five n-nodes; in details, they are presented using approximately fifty interacting positions. These positions are located on three hierarchy levels: the level of positions n, as well as their splittings - the level of shifts n relative to the initial positions - the level of splitting shifts. The inter-level relations and the level of shifts are considered in detail, the basis of which is the invariants formed at the previous stage of evolution.
For application purposes, in the context of circular motion, each element of the spectrum n is interpreted as a relative angular momentum in the solar system. Otherwise, the element of the spectrum is split into components, and each of them is responsible for the subordinate distance or for the period of revolution. The evolutionary maturity of planetary distances and orbital periods
The evolution (unfolding) of a number of characteristics in an abstract system of relations is investigated depending on the change in its maximum scale factor, which allows the dependence of the Sun burning on the eccentricity of the Earth orbit to represent using an application. A structural approach is used, which basically excludes the specifics of specific systems. The analysis tool is a protostructure, while the structure is understood as a set of relations, and the protostructure appears as its supposed primary basis. It consists of two components, endowed with cyclic nature, and specifies the spectrum of positions of the order parameter n k , where k is an ordinal number of a node being an allowed state in the selected cycle k = 1 - 10. All normalizations are performed for the k = 3, which is convenient for the application. Earlier, for the node k = 3, we obtained model positions Δ 3 at different stages of evolution, where Δ 3 is the splitting of the position n 3 as a result of its interaction with other n-positions in the system of nodes k = 1-10. To compare the nodes in the named system, scale factors are proposed, of which the largest is selected. It is also shown that as a result of the interaction between the protostructure components, the system boundary n min is formed, on which, on the one hand, the limiting velocity υ max / υ 3, and on the other, the splitting of the position n 3 , Δ 3, depend. The indicated speed is understood as an invariant and corresponds to the speed of light within δ = 1 * 10 -5 %. This paper analyses M / m 3, which is the largest scale factor of the system called the key one; it decreases in the process of evolution and plays the role of a control parameter, on which all other characteristics depend, except for the invariant υ max / υ 3. The following values are suggested for M / m3: a) initial value; b) the value at which the splitting Δ 3 appears, and c) the relationships of the above characteristics. Being based on this, and taking into account the backstory, a disc
One of the aspects concerning the evolution (unfolding) of an abstract system of relations is investigated; this makes it possible to reveal its characteristic limiting relative speed and show that it differs little from the speed of light in the application. A structural approach is used, which basically excludes the specifics of specific systems. The analysis tools are the previously proposed protostructure and the order parameter n based on it. The structure is interpreted as a network consisting of nodes being allowed states and their links, which are rules responsible for stability. The structure is understood as a set of relationships, and the protostructure acts as its supposed principium endowed with a cyclic nature and specifying the spectrum of positions for the order parameter n k, where k = 1, 2, 3… 10 is the ordinal number of a node in the cycle 1:10. This mentioned cycle contains, in particular, the nodes n 2 and n 3, while most of the normalizations are performed using k = 3, which is convenient for application. The links between the previously revealed initial boundary of the system of relationships n min and the splitting Δ 3 for the node n 3 are considered; the splitting is also established on the basis of model considerations and corresponds to observations. Initially, the node n 2 is rigidly connected to the boundary n min. In this paper, we analyse the appearance and evolution of the link between the boundary n min and the node n 3 and the downplaying of the initial link with n 2. A search procedure n min is considered depending on the selection of Δ 3,. The positions n min and n 3 differ by about 4 orders of magnitude and are treated as a single system. The analysis is based on offsets of nodes relative to the original position, which allows us to ignore the difference in orders. The evolution process is unfolded as a scenario, or a set of successive steps or structural events, as a result of which a high degree of compatibility of system nodes is realized.
In the appendix, the system und
The self-organizing system’s approaching evolutionary maturity is considered, which allows us to explain the characteristics of their orbits for the four planets of the solar system. The system does not possess any specifics of natural objects and is treated as part of a structure that has boundaries. The structure, in its turn, is represented as a set of relations on the numerical axis and is understood as a network of nodes (the allowed states) and relations between them. The system is formed on the basis of the deployment of a proto-structure, a two-component cyclically organized system of relations, which is treated as primary and is intended for a phased study of the evolution of natural systems. Evolution is understood as a deployment from stage to stage, taking into account the background. The proto-structure defines the spectrum of allowed states for n - the order parameter of the system, which subordinates two relative characteristics. As a result of the interaction, the elements of the specified spectrum are split into components and specialize. Here the feed data are the insights resulting from the analysis of the previous evolution stage, where the splitting of ten n-nodes within one isolated proto-structure cycle is considered. We study four n-nodes, which, as a result of detailing, are represented using approximately 50 positions interacting on the numerical axis. These positions are placed at three levels of the hierarchy: the level of positions n, as well as their splits - the level of shifts n relative to the initial positions - the level of small changes. Inter-level connections and the level of shifts are considered in detail, the basis of which are the invariants formed at the previous stage of evolution. An analysis of structural scenarios indicates the key role of shifts at the last stage of evolution.
When applied, each element of the spectrum n is interpreted as the relative moment of momentum in the solar system, when it comes to circular motion. Otherwise, any element of the spectrum is