The complex systems

In the paper, flows of an inhomogeneous medium consisting of gas and dispersed inclusions are simulated. The research objective is aerosols, i.e. solid particles or liquid droplets suspended in gas. The mathematical model of the complex medium flow consists of the dynamics equations for the carrier component, i.e. gas, and the dynamics equations for the dispersed component. The system of equations describing the motion of each mixture component includes continuity equations of mass, momentum and energy. The continuity of momentum for the carrier phase is described by the one-dimensional Navier-Stokes equation. The interphase interaction was defined by relations known from the literature. The mixture dynamics was simulated in one-dimensional approximation. The mathematical model equations were integrated using an explicit finite-difference method. To suppress numerical oscillations, a nonlinear grid function correction scheme was applied to the obtained solution.

The paper еtheorizes the relationship between a redshift in the electromagnetic spectrum of space objects and their gravity and demonstrates it with computational experiments. Redshift, in this case, is a consequence of deceleration of the photons emitted from the surface of objects, which is caused by the gravity of these objects. The photon speed reduction due to the attraction of space gravitating object (GO) is defined as ΔC = C-C ‘, where C’ is a photon speed changed by the time the receiver records it. Then, at photon speed variation between a stationary source and a receiver, the redshift factor is determined as Z = (C-C ‘)/C’. Computational experiments have determined the gravitational redshift of the Earth, the Sun, a neutron star, and a quasar. The graph of the relationship between the redshift and the ratio of sizes to the mass of any space GOs washas been obtained. The findings indicate that the distance to space objects does not depend on the redshift of these objects.

This paper proposes a version of the brain mechanism for emergence and formation of perceptual and mental images. The initial event of perceptual image emergence is the result of interaction on thalamic relay neurons between chaotic sensory impulse flow and also impulse flow organized in trains and coming from reticular structures. The subsequent step is the formation of a metastable dynamic association of excited allocortex columns. The role played by the functional association of allocortex columns and the intrafusal muscular reception in the activation of distributed brain systems and in the formation of a perceptual image is considered. This image is seen as a meta-stable state of synergistic processes in neuromuscular structures. The rationale for the imperceivableness of a perceptual image is given. It is assumed that a mental image is based on the perceived effects of Newtonian forces caused by muscle contractions. Properties of perceptual and mental images, their difference and conjugacy, and also the role of a mental image in interaction with conscious images are discussed.

The paper deals with the philosophical and methodological aspects of the geosystems, or geographical systems, doctrine evolution. Attention is drawn to undesirable tendencies in this evolution, manifested in giving some aspects of the doctrine the appearance of fundamental principles. It shows general scientific dialectic base of the classical variant of the geosystem doctrine as it was developed by its founder academician V. B. Sochava. It emphasizes the inconsistency of particular principles of the doctrine on geosystems as a metascientific paradigm developed later and being developed at present, the relative fundamentality and viability of the classical and widely interpreted, “imperfect” concepts, allowing to operate them in a wide range of aspects of geographical (and not only) knowledge, in particular, using the example of the geosystem doctrine.

The COVID-19 virus has claimed thousands of lives and created a global economic and social crisis.
The aim of the paper is to draw attention to the control of virus-human interactions. The following objectives are formulated. 1. To suppress (minimise) the virus activity in a human body. 2. To prevent (minimise) viral spreading while maximising economic growth. 3. Use of consciousness (dynamic stereotypes) to build protective skills against viruses, to enhance immunity and to use viruses for human benefit. 4. Statement of the problem on coexistence of a virus (biosphere) and a human. Analysis of these tasks made it possible to formulate possible solutions and to discuss implementation mechanisms: acquired and inborn skill bases, self-learning and self-organization methods and practice of conscious stereotype creation. Some of these possibilities are discussed in this paper.
The authors have developed and successfully use individual therapy based on self-regulation and the central organisation of autonomic functions. They have investigated the formation of stereotypes and dominants in animal experiments and in clinical treatment.
The main conclusion is that today the dominant focus of people’s consciousness is on the social problems of society. The inner sphere has virtually no place in people’s consciousness. It is necessary to reorient the dominant of our consciousness towards solving the problems of the internal sphere of human body in order to keep the balance. In particular, this concerns human interaction with COVID-19.