This article analyzes how English political commentaries construct an enemy image of the Russian Federation through rhetorical and discursive mechanisms. The study identifies techniques of moral dehumanization, stereotyping, historical indictment framing, delegitimization and threat inflation. The findings demonstrate how emotionally charged language and selective historical narratives are mobilized to create a polarized moral framework in which Russia is depicted as a fundamentally aggressive and illegitimate actor, while the UK is positioned as morally superior and justified in its responses
The article examines the development of trade relations between the United States and China from 1949 to 2025. A key milestone was China’s entry into the WTO in 2001, after which trade volumes increased dramatically. However, restrictions on Chinese investment and exports began under the administration of Barack Obama. A sharp escalation occurred during the first presidential term of Donald Trump when large-scale duties were imposed on Chinese goods. In 2025, the «second trade war» began, accompanied by new tariffs and China’s retaliatory measures. Special attention is paid to technological confrontation, including restrictions on the export of high-tech products, struggle for control over rare-earth metals, and the transformation of China’s image from an economic partner to a strategic adversary of the United States
The article is devoted to the analysis of the information war that unfolded in the global media space around the conflict between Israel and Hamas after the events of October 7, 2023. The purpose of the study is to identify the main tools and methods used by the parties to construct conflicting realities and dominate the digital environment. Based on the analysis of materials from international media (Reuters, The Guardian, BBC, CNN, Al Jazeera, The Economist), the work explores opposing narratives (the “war of civilization on terror” against the “struggle for liberation from occupation”), strategies for using visual content, mechanisms for spreading disinformation and coordinated campaigns on social networks (astroturfing, manipulation of hashtags). The methodology includes a comparative analysis of discourse and a case study of key incidents. It is concluded that in the conflicts of the 21st century, the struggle for control over narrative and information space acquires strategic importance, determining international legitimacy and shaping historical memory, while traditional media face a crisis of trust and turn out to be both targets and participants in the confrontation