1. Basenach, L., Renneberg, B., Salbach, H., Dreier, M., Wölfling, K. (2023). Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of treatment interventions for Internet use disorders: Critical analysis of the methodical quality according to the PRISMA guidelines. Journal of behavioral addictions, 12(1), 9-25. DOI: 10.1556/2006.2022.00087 EDN: KYQAHU
2. Belmans, E., Bastin, M., Raes, F., Bijttebier, P. (2019). Temporal associations between social anxiety and depressive symptoms and the role of interpersonal stress in adolescents. Depression and anxiety, 36(10), 960-967. DOI: 10.1002/da.22939
3. Borenstein, M., Higgins, J.P., Hedges, L.V., Rothstein, H.R. (2017). Basics of meta-analysis: I2 is not an absolute measure of heterogeneity. Research synthesis methods, 8(1), 5-18. DOI: 10.1002/jrsm.1230
4. Bu, H., Chi, X., Qu, D. (2021). Prevalence and predictors of the persistence and incidence of adolescent internet addiction in Mainland China: A two-year longitudinal study. Addictive behaviors, 122, article 107039. DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107039
5. Chang, F.C., Chiu, C.H., Lee, C.M., Chen, P.H., Miao, N.F. (2014). Predictors of the initiation and persistence of internet addiction among adolescents in Taiwan. Addictive behaviors, 39(10), 1434-1440. DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.05.010
6. Chia, D.X.Y., Ng, C.W.L., Kandasami, G., Seow, M.Y.L., Choo, C.C., Chew, P.K.H., Lee, C., Zhang, M.W.B. (2020). Prevalence of Internet Addiction and Gaming Disorders in Southeast Asia: A Meta-Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17(7), article 2582. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072582
7. Choi, S.W., Kim, D.J., Choi, J.S., Ahn, H., Choi, E.J., Song, W.Y., Kim, S., Youn, H. (2015). Comparison of risk and protective factors associated with smartphone addiction and Internet addiction. Journal of behavioral addictions, 4(4), 308-314. DOI: 10.1556/2006.4.2015.043
8. Endomba, F.T., Demina, A., Meille, V., Ndoadoumgue, A.L., Danwang, C., Petit, B., Trojak, B. (2022). Prevalence of internet addiction in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Behav Addict, 11(3), 739-753. DOI: 10.1556/2006.2022.00052 EDN: VXIAJF
9. Frison, E., Eggermont, S. (2016). Exploring the relationships between different types of Facebook use, perceived online social support, and adolescents’ depressed mood. Social Science Computer Review, 34(2), 153-171. DOI: 10.1177/0894439314567449
10. Gentile, D.A., Choo, H., Liau, A., Sim, T., Li, D., Fung, D., Khoo, A. (2011). Pathological video game use among youths: a two-year longitudinal study. Pediatrics, 127(2), e319e-329. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2010-1353
11. Gøtzsche, P.C. (2022). Critical psychiatry textbook. Copenhagen: Institute for Scientific Freedom.
12. Hayden, J.A., van der Windt, D.A., Cartwright, J.L., Côté, P., Bombardier, C. (2013). Assessing bias in studies of prognostic factors. Annals of internal medicine, 158(4), 280-286. DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-158-4-201302190-00009
13. Higgins, J.P., Thompson, S.G., Deeks, J.J., Altman, D.G. (2003). Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 327, article 557. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557
14. Hirota, T., Takahashi, M., Adachi, M., Sakamoto, Y., Nakamura, K. (2021). Neurodevelopmental Traits and Longitudinal Transition Patterns in Internet Addiction: A 2-year Prospective Study. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 51(4), 1365-1374. DOI: 10.1007/s10803-020-04620-2 EDN: ONZGAK
15. Hsieh, K.Y., Hsiao, R.C., Yang, Y.H., Liu, T.L., Yen, C.F. (2018). Predictive Effects of Sex, Age, Depression, and Problematic Behaviors on the Incidence and Remission of Internet Addiction in College Students: A Prospective Study. International journal of environmental research health, 15(12), article 2861. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15122861
16. Islam, M.I., Biswas, R.K., Khanam, R. (2020). Effect of internet use and electronic game-play on academic performance of Australian children. Sci Rep, 10(1), article 21727. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78916-9
17. Jeong, H., Yim, H.W., Lee, S.Y., Lee, H.K., Potenza, M.N., Lee, H. (2021). Factors associated with severity, incidence or persistence of internet gaming disorder in children and adolescents: a 2-year longitudinal study. Addiction, 116(7), 1828-838. DOI: 10.1111/add.15366 EDN: GGOUSE
18. Kim, J., Lee, S., Lee, D., Shim, S., Balva, D., Choi, K.H., Chey, J., Shin, S.H., Ahn, W.Y. (2022). Psychological treatments for excessive gaming: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Scientific reports, 12(1), article 20485. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24523-9
19. Ko, C.H., Liu, T.L., Wang, P.W., Chen, C.S., Yen, C.F., Yen, J.Y. (2014). The exacerbation of depression, hostility, and social anxiety in the course of Internet addiction among adolescents: a prospective study. Comprehensive psychiatry, 55(6), 1377-1384. DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.05.003
20. Ko, C.H., Wang, P.W., Liu, T.L., Yen, C.F., Chen, C.S., Yen, J.Y. (2015). Bidirectional associations between family factors and Internet addiction among adolescents in a prospective investigation. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 69(4), 192-200. DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12204
21. Ko, C.H., Yen, J.Y., Yen, C.F., Lin, H.C., Yang, M.J. (2007). Factors predictive for incidence and remission of internet addiction in young adolescents: a prospective study. Cyberpsychology & behavior: the impact of the Internet, multimedia and virtual reality on behavior and society, 10(4), 545-551. DOI: 10.1089/cpb.2007.9992
22. Lampropoulou, P., Siomos, K., Floros, G., Christodoulou, N. (2022). Effectiveness of Available Treatments for Gaming Disorders in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw, 25(1), 5-13. DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2021.0067 EDN: EHMPZO
23. Lau, J.T.F., Wu, A.M.S., Gross, D.L., Cheng, K.M., Lau, M.M.C. (2017). Is Internet addiction transitory or persistent? Incidence and prospective predictors of remission of Internet addiction among Chinese secondary school students. Addictive behaviors, 74, 55-62. DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.05.034
24. Männikkö, N., Ruotsalainen, H., Miettunen, J., Pontes, H.M., Kääriäinen, M. (2020). Problematic gaming behaviour and health-related outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Health Psychol, 25(1), 67-81. DOI: 10.1177/1359105317740414
25. Marchant, A., Hawton, K., Stewart, A., Montgomery, P., Singaravelu, V., Lloyd, K., Purdy, N., Daine, K., John, A. (2017). A systematic review of the relationship between internet use, self-harm and suicidal behaviour in young people: The good, the bad and the unknown. PLoS One, 12(8), article 0181722. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181722
26. Marrero, R.J., Fumero, A., Voltes, D., González, M., Peñate, W. (2021). Individual and Interpersonal Factors Associated with the Incidence, Persistence, and Remission of Internet Gaming Disorders Symptoms in an Adolescents Sample. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(21), article 11638. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111638
27. Montag, C., Wegmann, E., Sariyska, R., Demetrovics, Z., Brand, M. (2021). How to overcome taxonomical problems in the study of Internet use disorders and what to do with “smartphone addiction”? J Behav Addict, 9(4), 908-914. DOI: 10.1556/2006.8.2019.59 EDN: DXJMDG
28. Number of internet and social media users worldwide as of February 2025. URL: https://www.statista.com/statistics/617136/digital-population-worldwide/ (accessed 13/08/2025).
29. Page, M.J., McKenzie, J.E., Bossuyt, P.M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T.C., Mulrow, C.D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J.M., Akl, E.A., Brennan, S.E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J.M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M.M., Li, T., Loder, E.W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., McGuinness, L.A., … Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 372, article 71. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.n71
30. Stevens, M.W.R., King, D.L., Dorstyn, D., Delfabbro, P.H. (2019). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for Internet gaming disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Psychother, 26(2), 191-203. DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2341
31. World Health Organization (2019). ICD-11: International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems. 11th version.