This research examines the failure of Japanese whale diplomacy following the International Whaling Commission’s (IWC) moratorium on commercial whaling in 1986, with a focus on Japan’s attempts to change the conservationist view of whales to the one focused on consumption of whale meat. This article explains how Japanese whale diplomacy attempts to convince the international public that whaling is part of cultural preservation. The method used is a qualitative approach with analysis of official government documents and research related to Japanese diplomacy and whaling. The constructivism approach was used to analyze how international identities, norms, and discourses shape Japan’s diplomatic policies.
The findings show that, despite Japan’s efforts to prove that whaling is safe and sustainable, it has failed to change international norms on whale conservation. The dominant international discourse continues to regard whaling as unethical and environmentally damaging. Significant resistance from other countries that support conservation was a major obstacle.
This research reveals that the failure of Japanese diplomacy was not only due to international resistance, but also Japan’s inability to align their scientific and cultural arguments with a global narrative that prioritizes environmental ethics. The contribution of this research lies in understanding the dynamics of norms and identities in international relations and the importance of ethical narratives in environmental diplomacy.
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Whaling has long been a focal point in Japan’s environmental diplomacy, drawing global attention to how a country can influence international norms and overcome external pressures while preserving its cultural traditions. Japan has become a country that has to negotiate with countries that oppose whaling, trying to lift the 1986 moratorium on commercial whaling set by the International Whaling Commission (IWC) in its 34th Annual Meeting on the 6th Agenda. This diplomacy has become a concern for many parties because it has become a tool for Japan to normalize this prohibited practice. From 1986 to 2018, Japan hunted about 20,497 whales under its scientific whaling program [IWC 2024], averaging 500–1000 whales per year. This data shows the continuity of Japan’s whaling activities despite international bans and global criticism for various reasons that are also allowed by the IWC. This article seeks to explain why Japanese diplomacy has failed to alter key international norms established under the 1986 IWC moratorium on commercial whaling, despite Japan’s sustained scientific and cultural justifications.
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- Издательство
- АССОЦИАЦИЯ ЯПОНОВЕДОВ
- Регион
- Россия, Москва
- Почтовый адрес
- 117218, г. Москва, Нахимовский проспект, 32
- Юр. адрес
- 117218, г. Москва, Нахимовский проспект, 32
- ФИО
- Стрельцов Дмитрий Викторович (ПРЕДСЕДАТЕЛЬ)
- E-mail адрес
- japanassoc@gmail.com