The article deals with the process of struggle of the Komsomol organization with opposition and alternative associations of youth in Simbirsk (Ulyanovsk) province in 1918 - 1928. The authors on the basis of archival materials from the State Archive of Modern History of the Ulyanovsk region, ego-documents and periodicals, introduced for the first time in the scientific turnover, touch upon the formation of the Komsomol movement in the region, reveal the peculiarities of its interaction with the party and law enforcement agencies in the fight against non-communist youth organizations. The work scrupulously analyzes the process of obtaining the Komsomol monopoly on the implementation of work with young people. In conclusion it is noted that in Simbirsk (Ulyanovsk) provincial Komsomol organization and its subordinate committees, despite the regularly arising difficulties, managed to establish at a high level of interaction with party structures and securing the support of law enforcement agencies to carry out the liquidation of all alternative and opposition youth organizations operating in the region, providing itself a monopoly position.