Архив статей журнала
The policy of attracting leading foreign specialists to the development of industrial production in Russia in the XVIII century, made it possible to make a significant technological breakthrough. Domestic enterprises created by new citizens of the country successfully competed with leading European manufacturers. A significant contribution to the development of high-tech production was made by a talented design engineer, a successful entrepreneur Karl Nikolaevich (Charles) Byrd. The first domestic steam engines, steamships (pyroscafs), industrial railways, bridge and architectural metal structures, other mechanisms and structures were created with the participation of a native of Scotland, submitted to the Russian Empire by K. N. Byrd.
The article presents how, against the background of the devastating cholera epidemics that swept away in Russia in 1830-1831, according to incomplete data, almost 200,000 lives, and in 1848-1849 much more, sanitary and anti-epidemic measures were taken in the educational institutions of the Ministry of Public Education. A feature of St. Petersburg University and the Main Pedagogical Institute was the residence of a large number of state students in the building of the Twelve Colleges and other buildings. The usual sanitary measures developed by that time by the administration of educational institutions on the recommendations of physicians, as well as special anti-cholera measures, which included daily monitoring of students to identify sick people, prohibition of their contact with relatives, cleaning of premises, and announcement of extraordinary long vacations, turned out to be very effective. If among the professors of the university there were sick and died from cholera, then among the students in 1831, according to archival data, not a single death was recorded, and in 1849 only one student fell ill with cholera.
concerning the 1906-1918 Norwegian-Russian relations in the Far North, including the 1906-1913 negotiations on exploiting the hydro resources of the Paz river and some aspects of the border relations during the WWI.
This article discusses the first negotiations between the two neighbouring states of Norway and Russia concerning exploitation of the hydropower in the border river in Pasvik. Based on in-depth research in Norwegian and Russian archives, the article traces the different interests and initiatives on both sides of the border, on the local and regional levels as well as on the national level. The article concludes that despite efforts from Norwegian entrepreneurs and state actors to reach an agreement, the issue remained unsolved before the start of WWI.