Архив статей журнала
16 мая 2022 года скончалась Татьяна Алексеевна Шрадер, кандидат исторических наук, человек, внесший большой вклад в скандинавистику, в изучение истории культурных и торговых связей между Россией и Скандинавскими странами, в дело укрепления дружбы между нашими народами. Особенно горько ощущать утрату автору этих строк, поскольку нашему знакомству более 65 лет.
Ускорившаяся к концу 1980-х гг. динамика перестроечных процессов в СССР с неизбежностью диктовала Финляндии необходимость оценки перспектив двусторонних отношений. Именно этому и посвящена монография Ю.-М. Ритванена1, название которой — «Крошащийся краеугольный камень» — не вполне точно передает её содержание, поскольку отражает не столько слаженную «работу в камнедробилке» двух сторон процесса, а в основном только одной, тогда как вторая в силу дряхления и безволия часто оставалась вялой, пассивной (хотя иногда и провоцирующей)
The goal of the article is to analyze symbols and rhetoric in the interlocking fields of religion and politics at the time of Civil War. The author comes to conclusion that during the celebration of the first anniversary of the revolutionary October religious symbols are being used for legitimization of power, sacralization of politics.
This article studies the frequency and contexts of mentioning the city of Petrozavodsk in the British press of 1850-1884, which included publications of the English, Welsh, Scottish and Irish counties. The use of an interdisciplinary method of content analysis made it possible to identify six contextual groups and divide all identified references into those related to: first, the production of steel and weapons; second, visits to the city by members of the imperial family; third, the construction of the railway; travel memories and travel recommendations; sixth, diseases in the city. The largest number of mentions of the city in the 19th century. falls on the Middle Victorian period and is thematically connected with military-industrial technologies, supplying the army. The thematic representation in the British press of the city of Petrozavodsk reflected the goals that the public and news agencies set for the British special correspondents sent to the North. On the pages of the British press, Petrozavodsk was presented as a center of military-industrial production, the achievements of which formed an opinion about the technical potential of the entire Russian Empire of the period under review.
The imperial government’s attacks on the autonomous rights of the Grand Duchy of Finland had a significant impact on the life and oeuvre of the national writers, including Kyösti Wilkuna (1879-1922). His literary works are valuable historical sources that contain information about some aspects of building the Finns’ cultural memory, but they have not yet been studied from this point of view. The purpose of the article is to analyse some denotative and connotative meanings of Kyösti Wilkuna’s historical adventure novels depicting the Finnish aspect of the wars between Sweden and Russia, especially the period of the Great Wrath, or Isoviha. The author concludes that these novels’ contemporary reader not only learned an interpretation of the past, but also discovered connotative meanings in the text that were constitutive of an element of the image of the Other for the Finnish identity.
The article based on the material of the Old Icelandic Brennu-Njáls saga deals with identification of medieval Icelanders in the society with the help of personal names, patronymics and nicknames. And if, as the analysis of the saga shows, personal names were a means of individual identification of a person, the generic names, on the contrary, connected a person with his family and especially with his namesake ancestors. The goals of the latter were also fulfilled by patronymics, toponymic and generic nicknames, while all other types of nicknames contributed to the individualization of a person. It can be argued that the generic identification of a person in medieval Icelandic society was based on the genealogical principle, and the individual identification complemented it, still relying on it, despite the fact that they were outwardly opposed.
The article deals with the activities of Scandinavians who came to Byzantium directly from the North during the Viking Age. The main stimulus for their travels to the Empire was acquisition of riches and fame. Both goals were best achieved by military service in the Byzantine army and fleet from the beginning of the tenth century and in the emperor’s guard since the end of the tenth century. The trade expeditions from Scandinavia to Byzantium which started probably in the ninth century were suppressed in the tenth century by the Rus’ (Scandinavians who took roots in Eastern Europe) that seized Kiev and settled there. The trade with Byzantium was a vital necessity for the Rus’ and they strived to monopolize it. After the adoption of Christianity in the eleventh century the earliest information about the pilgrimages to Constantinople or the Holy Land appears. Such travels were not numerous though the sacral objects and places in Constantinople attracted attention of Scandinavian mercenaries who served or passed the one of the capitals of the Christian world.